Cholera

1. Fatima Al-Awadh Cholera

2. Define cholera. State epidemiology of cholera. Describe the causative organism. Explain the pathophysiology of cholera. Mention the sign & symptom, complication, risk factors, causes, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, & prognosis of cholera. Describe the ways of controlling the spread of cholera. Learning Objectives

3. Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. Cholera

4. Cholera was prevalent in the 1800s, but due to proper treatment of sewage and drinking water, has become rare in developed countries. Cholera is a fecal disease, meaning that it spreads when the feces of an infected person come into contact with food or water. Incidence: 1 in 100,000 worldwide. Over 1 million cases and nearly 10,000 fatalities. Epidemiology

5. Gram negative. Type of Gammaproteobacteria Distinguishing factors: Oxidase-positive, motile via polar flagellum, and both respiratory and fermentative metabolism. Organism can multiply freely in water Vibrio cholerae

6. Pathophysiology of cholera

7. Most people remain asymptomatic. The symptoms of cholera include : Signs & Symptoms

8. Complications

9. Risk Factors

10. Causes (transmission mood)

11. diagnosis

12. Culture Vibrios often detected by dark field or phase contrast microscopy of stool Organisms are motile, appearing like “shooting stars ” Microscopy show sheets of curved Gram negative rods. When plated on sucrose dishes, yellow colonies appear confirming cholera present Laboratory Diagnosis

13. Additional methods of detection include PCR and monoclonal antibody-based stool tests. Laboratory Diagnosis

14. Treatment

15. Basic health education and hygiene Mass chemoprophylaxis Provision of safe water and sanitation Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Approach: water, sanitation, education, and communication Prevention

16. Vaccines

17. The prognosis of cholera can range depending on the severity of the dehydration and how quickly the patient is given and responds to treatments. Death (mortality) rates in untreated cholera can be as high as 50%-60% during large outbreaks but can be reduced to about 1% if treatment protocols are rapidly put into action . Prognosis

18. Controlling cholera

19. http:// www.mayoclinic.com/health/cholera/DS00579/DSECTION=risk-factors http:// www.safewater.org/PDFS/resourcesknowthefacts/Cholera.pdf?noframe http:// tropicaldisease.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/cholera-rose-ricardo-compatible-v.ppt http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~ whg2n/biom204/ppt/cholera.ppt http:// www.socgastro.org.pe/biblioteca/presentacion/archivos/diarrea/2007Cholera3.ppt References

20. Thank you