Chronic-mjnhbgykmujnhgbkmujnyhbgmjnhtgbHepatitis.pptx

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1. Chronic Hepatitis: A Comprehensive Overview A presentation providing a thorough exploration of chronic hepatitis, covering definition, causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prevention. Department of internal diseases №3

2. Understanding Chronic Hepatitis Definition Chronic hepatitis is defined as liver inflammation that persists for at least six months. Unlike acute hepatitis, which resolves on its own, chronic hepatitis can lead to long-term liver damage. Types Viral hepatitis (B, C, D) Autoimmune hepatitis Metabolic hepatitis (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis - NASH)

3. Key Causes of Chronic Hepatitis Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis B, C, and D viruses are major causes. Chronic viral infections lead to ongoing liver damage. Autoimmune Hepatitis The body's immune system mistakenly attacks liver cells, causing inflammation and damage. Metabolic Factors Conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to chronic hepatitis.

4. Pathogenesis and Disease Progression Inflammation Initial liver inflammation caused by viral infection, autoimmune response, or metabolic factors. Fibrosis Prolonged inflammation leads to the formation of scar tissue in the liver. Cirrhosis Extensive scarring disrupts liver function, potentially leading to liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma.

5. Clinical Manifestations and Early Detection Symptoms Fatigue Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes) Abdominal pain Dark urine Pale stools Early Detection Regular screening is crucial, especially for individuals at high risk. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent progression to cirrhosis. Blood tests for liver enzymes Viral hepatitis screening

6. Diagnostic Methods 1 Laboratory Tests Liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) Viral serology (HBsAg, anti-HCV) Autoimmune markers (ANA, SMA) 2 Imaging Studies Ultrasound CT scan MRI 3 Liver Biopsy Histological examination to assess the degree of inflammation and fibrosis.

7. Modern Treatment Approaches for Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis B Antiviral medications (e.g., tenofovir, entecavir) to suppress viral replication and prevent liver damage. Hepatitis C Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) offer high cure rates with minimal side effects.

8. Managing Complications Cirrhosis Management includes lifestyle changes, medications to reduce portal hypertension, and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Regular screening with ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Treatment options include surgery, ablation, and liver transplantation.

9. Prevention and Lifestyle Modifications Prevention Vaccination against hepatitis B. Safe injection practices. Screening blood products. Lifestyle Modifications Avoid alcohol and smoking. Maintain a healthy weight. Eat a balanced diet.

10. Conclusion: Outlook and Importance of Timely Care Chronic hepatitis is a serious condition requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. With advances in antiviral therapies and management strategies, the outlook for patients with chronic hepatitis has significantly improved. Early intervention and lifestyle modifications can prevent disease progression and improve outcomes.