Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder COPD.pptx

All about COPD

1. COPD: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, & Pathophysiology By Abdul Ishaq 170320881031 Under the Guidance Of Rahila Tarannum pharm- D Signature of Guide :

2. COPD Definition Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases, primarily caused by cigarette smoking. Although COPD affects the lungs, it also produces significant systemic consequences.

3. Chronic asthmatic bronchitis or COPD with asthma Exposure to irritants in individuals with reactive or twitchy airways. Bronchospasm is frequently accompanied by excessive mucous production and edema of bronchial walls. Episodic worsening of airway obstruction often called asthma, but there is persisting obstruction, and often productive cough, with the episodic bronchospasm.

4. Epidemiology Background - Lung function over time Cigarette smoking Airway responsiveness and Allergy Air Pollution Occupational exposure to environmental dust and organic antigens Infection Antioxidant deficiency Molecular/Genetic risk factors

5. Cigarette Smoking Responsible for 80% of risk of Chronic Bronchitis Doubles or triples rate of FEV1 decline Responsible for 2-20 fold increase in death from COPD Never smokers account for 23% of COPD Only 15% of white and 5% Asian smokers develop COPD

6. Cigarette Smoking Impairs ciliary movement Inhibits alveolar macrophages Leads to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus-secreting glands Probably inhibits antiprotease Acutely increases vagally mediated smooth-muscle constriction

7. Air Pollution Increased incidence and higher mortality rates of COPD in industrialized urban areas. Exacerbations of CB clearly related to periods of heavy sulfur dioxide pollution and particulates. Nitrogen dioxide NOT implicated in human airways obstruction.

8. Occupational Exposures Environmental dusts – gold and coal miners Organic antigens – COPD is most common respiratory syndrome in agricultural workers, and there is a 10% prevalence of COPD among farm workers Accelerated decline in lung function among plastics workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate and in carding room workers in cotton mills .

9. Infection Severe viral pneumonia in childhood may lead to small airways obstruction (SAO). Mortality, morbidity, and frequency of ARI are higher in patients with chronic bronchitis. The Rhinovirus is found more often during COPD exacerbations…pathogenic bacteria, other viruses, & mycoplasmas found as often between as during exacerbations. However there is increased chance of detecting bacteria if sputum purulent*, and isolating new strain of bacte ria.

10. CONCLUSION

11. REFERENCES 1. Jones PW. Harding G, Wiklund I, et al. Improving the process and outcome of care in COPD: development of a standardised assessment tool. Prim Care Resp J 2009: 18 (3): 208-215. https://www.nature.com/articles/pcrj200953 2. Jones PW, Harding G, Berry P, et al. Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur Respir J 2009: 34: 648-654 http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/34/3/648.full 3. Jones PW, Harding G, Wiklund I, Berry P, Tabberer M, Yu R, Kline Leidy N. Tests of the responsiveness of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) assessment TestTM (CAT) following acute exacerbations and pulmonary rehabilitation. Chest 2012:142:134-140 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22281796 4. Jones PW, Tabberer M, Chen W. Creating scenarios of the impact of copd and their relationship to copd assessment test (CATTM) scores. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2011; 11: 42 https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2466-11-42 5. Gupta, N., Pinto, L. M., Morogan , A., & Bourbeau , J. The COPD assessment test: a systematic review. Eur Respir J 2014: 44: 873-884
http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/44/4/873.long

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