chrysanthemum propagation and cultivation.ppt

Horticulture and Land scaping

2. It occupies a place of pride both as a commercial crop
and as a popular exhibition flower.
It has a wide range of type, size and colour and also
‘forms’.
Short day plant –‘Photo sensitive’ (10 hours day light).
Suitable as Cut flowers
Loose flower Pot culture
Garland making & hair decoration Essential oil
Sources of pyrethrum.
Background planting in borders

3. Cultivars
NationalBotanicalResearchInstitute:Snowball,Potomac,M-24,
Agnishikha,Navneetyellowetc
IndianInstituteofHorticultureResearch:Indira,Neelima,Chandrakant,
Chandrika,Pankaj,Rakheeetc
Spraytypes:Superwhite,Sunbeam,BlueMarble,RedNero,Tuneful,
ApricotMarble,Flamenco,CoralMarble
Standardtypes:SnowBall,Chandrama,Cassandra,RedAnne,Alfred
Wilson,GayAnne
Small-floweredforpotculture:Honeycomb,Aparajita,Megami
Small-floweredforcut-culture:Sujata,Nilima
Small-floweredforgarland:BirbalSahni,SharadShobha,Basanti

4. Suckers
Suckersarisefromtheundergroundstemandtheseareseparatedand
plantedinpreparednurserybedsduringJanuaryforstockplants.
Regularpinchingisperformedintheseplantsforvigorousandprofuse
branching.
Terminalcuttings
Cuttingsof5-7cminlengtharetakenformhealthystockplantsin
June-July.
Thebasalportionsofcuttingsaredippedrootinghormone(1000ppm
solutionofIBA)forbetterrooting.
Sometimesthelowerportionofcuttingsistreatedwithsomecopper
fungicidetoavoidfungalgrowth.
Onemontholdwellrootedcuttingsarereadyforplantinginthefield.

5. Soilrequirement
Chrysanthemumwithashallowbutfibrousrootsystemissensitivetowater-
logging.
Sandyloamsoilsareidealforchrysanthemumgrowing.
pHrangingbetween6.2to6.7isideal.
Climaticrequirement
Light(Intensity1.2-1.6MJ/m2/day,Quality:600-800nm,Photoperiod:less
than9.5hours).
Temperature(night:10-16°C,day:18-210C).
CO2:500-1000ppm
PlantingduringApril-Mayisrecommendedasitinitiatesandflowers
duringSeptembertoDecemberunderSouthIndianconditions.

6. Standards:20x20cm
Sprays:30x30cm
Potmums:3-5cuttings/pot(15cm)
Irrigation
Chrysanthemumaretobeirrigatedtwiceaweekinthefirsttwoweeks
andsubsequentbyatweeklyintervals.
Weedcontrol
Weedingandhoeingaregenerallydonemanuallyasandwhenrequired,
Normally8-10timesyearly.
Besides,controlofweedsthesoilismadelooseporoustoprovide
aeration.

7. Manuresandfertilizers
Chrysanthemumsareheavyfeedersandhencetheyaretobeadequately
manured.
Theyareappliedwith25tofFYMalongwith250,120,125kgNPK/ha.
HalfoftheNandtheentirequantityofPandKaretobeappliedbasalby
justbeforeplanting.
TheotherhalfofNistobeapplied30daysafterplantingthesuckers.
Stakingofplants
Stakingisnecessarytokeepplantserectandtomaintainpropershapeof
plantsandbloom.
Stakesarepreparedmostlyfrombamboosticks.
Stakingofplantsisrequiredforverticalsupportoftheplants.

8. Pinching
Theoperationofremovalofterminalgrowingportionofstemasitreduces
plantheightandpromotesaxillarybranches.
Firstpinchingisdonewhentheplantsreachaheightof15-20cmwith3-4
pairsofleaves.
Twotypesofpinchingareperformed
(a)SoftpinchingHardpinching
Insoftpinchingthesofttipoftheshootalongwith2-3openleavesis
removedwhileinhardpinchingalongerportionuptohardshootisremoved.
DisbuddingandDe-shooting
Manyofthestandardtypevarietiesaredisbuddedinwhichthelargest
terminalbudisreservedandallauxiliarybudsareremoved.
De-shootingispracticedtoreducethenumber of
branchesforimprovingthesizeandformoftheflower.Plantwillloose
vigourandbecomesweak.

9. 9
Duringthevegetativegrowthphase,plantsgrowupward.
Newsuckerscontinuetodevelopfrombaseofplants.
Forproperandvigorousgrowthofplants,suckersareremovedfromtime
totime.
Growthregulators
GA350ppmcanbesprayedat30,45and60daysafterplantingto
increasetheyield.
Alar50–150gm/100litwaterandB9at8–25ml/litofwaterisused
twiceatthegrowingstage

10. 10
Morespecifically,cropexposuretolownighttemperatures,shortdays,
droughtornutrientstresscanleadtoprematurebudding.
Ifprematurebuddingoccurs,budsshouldbepinchedoffimmediately,
andadequatemoistureandfertilizersupplied
Heatdelay
Onceshortdaysbegin,exposuretotemperaturesofaround85°For
higherdelaysflowering,whichisaphenomenonknownasheatdelay.

11. 11
Isprevalentonstandardsinflowerinvery
warm
weather.
Thepetalsturnbrownanddryup.
Blindness
Continuedgrowthofshootsandfailuretoform
flowerbudswhenshortdaysarestartedthe
meannighttemperaturewastoolow.

12. Harvesting
Standards:Whenouterrowoffloretsstartunfurlingfordistantmarket
andforlocalmarkethalfopenedflowers.
Sprays:Harvestedforlocalmarketwhentwoflowershaveopenedand
othershaveshowncolour,whilefordistantmarketwhen50%flowershave
showncolour.
Looseflowers:Fullyopenflowers
Potmums:50%budshavedevelopedcolour.
Yield
1.Maincrop:9-10t/ha.
2.Ratooncrop:4-5t/ha.
3.Sprays-1,00,000stemscanbeobtainedfromoneha.

13. Pests
•Aphids
•Thrips
•Leafminers
•Redspidermites
•Hair caterphillars
•Nematodes
Diseases
•Wilt
•Rootrot,
•Bacterialrot,
•Graymould,
•Cercosporaleafspot
•Alternarialeafspot
•Fusariumstemrot
•Powderymildew
•WhiteRust