CHURCH HISTORY-Reformation to the Present.ppt

CHURCH HISTORY-Part4

1. CHURCH HISTORY
Reformation in the Sixteenth
Century to the present day

2. Reformation, 1517 AD
A. Martin Luther was born in Germany on 1483 AD.
1.On October 31, 1517 Luther nail his 95 theses to
the of the Wittenberg Church.
2.Pope's Bull of Excommunication. Luther burns the
Bull. (Bull an official letter from the Pope). 1521.
Protestant Reformation-1517 AD.
Martin Luther nail his 95
theses, October 31, 1517

3. Before The Council of Trent, 1517 AD
4. The Three Great Principles of the Reformation
a. The Bible is the final authority.
b. We are saved by Grace through
faith, not by works.
c. The Priesthood of Believers.
We can pray directly to God.
Martin Luther and Family

4. Before The Council of Trent, 1517 AD
B. Zwingli at Zurich, Switzerland. The Anabaptists.
C. John Calvin at Geneva, Switzerland-The
Reformed Church.
D. John Knox in Scotland, the Presbyterians.
E. Henry VIII, the Anglicans Church of England.

5. Reformation Giants

6. The Religious Confessions at the End
of the Sixteenth Century

7. Abuses Within the Church
A.A number of the Popes took too great an interest in the art and culture
of the Renaissance. They spent their time and the Church's money
promoting art and scholarship and sometimes neglected their religious
duties as Church leaders.
B. To meet increasing expenses, the Church was sometimes charging
taxes that were not voluntary. Many good people were offended.
C. Simony -the sale of high church offices to the highest bidder. When a
vacancy occurred (ex. an archbishop's job) people competed to pay the
most to get the position. This did not necessarily lead to the best man
getting the job.

8. Abuses Within the Church
D. Sale of Indulgences -Indulgences were letters of pardon excusing a
sinner from having to do a penance assigned. The Church taught
that sins could be forgiven only if the sinner was really sorry. Since
the letters were printed in Latin, some people misunderstood and
thought that they were purchasing forgiveness. Good Christians
complained.
E. Some (a small minority) of the clergy were living very worldly lives,
committing sins and living in luxury. This offended good Catholics.

9. TRENT
1545 -1563
Documents of

10. Council of Trent
•TheCouncils was convened by Pope Paul IIIon
December 13, 1545 in the mountain village of Trent in
northern Italy.
•There were 25 major sessions that spanned eighteen
years under five popes:
1. Pope Julius III
2. Marcellus II
3. Paul IV
4. Pope Pius IVwho closed the last session on
December 4, 1563 with Pius IV issuing a Papal Bull on
February 7, 1564
Pope Paul III, convened
the Councils of Trent,
December 13, 1545

11. Council of Trent
Pope Saint Pius V
Pope Saint Pius V completed the commission of
Trent, reforming the Roman Missal with his De
Defectibusand Quo Primumwriting the
Catechism of Trentbased on all the decrees of
Trent and also set up a commission to issue a more
exact edition of the Latin Vulgate Bible.

12. Council of Trent
Definitions and decisions of the Council
COUNCIL OF TRENT (1545 to 1547) 1st session
1. Scripture and tradition were to be of equal authority -this denied the
fundamental Protestant belief that the Bible alone was the basis of
Christian belief.
2. The Catholic Church was to have the sole right in interpreting the Bible
and the authority of the Vulgate was asserted. (The Vulgate was the
ancient Latin version of the Scriptures produced by St. Jerome in the 4th
Century.
3. Good works were upheld.
4. The seven sacraments were "absolutely necessary channels of divine
salvation."
5. Communion in both kinds was forbidden except by express permission
of the pope.

13. Council of Trent
2nd Session 1551 to 1552
1. All bishops should be relieved from an oath of obedience to the Papacy.
2.The authority of the councils should be made superior to the Papacy.
Clearly this was unacceptable to the Church but the second session did
declare that
- pilgrimages and penances were to be upheld
- the doctrine of transubstantiation was affirmed
- communion in both kinds was condemned as were other aspects of
the Protestantview of the Eucharist.

14. Council of Trent
3rd Session 1563 to 1563
The third session declared:
-clerical celibacy was upheld
-communion in one kind for the laity was upheld the veneration
of images and relics was upheld
-bishops were to ordain only suitable men to holy orders and to
supervise theirmoral life
-clergy were to reside in their parishes and to perform regular
duties.
-a seminary was to be established in every diocese

15. COUNCIL OF TRENT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COUNCIL:
1.Itgavethecompletelistofbooksofthe
Bible,anddeclaredthatTraditionand
Scripturesarebothsacred.
2.ItdeclaredthatGod’sgraceandman’s
freedomhadtocooperateintheprocessof
salvation,andthatnobodyispredestinedto
beeternallydamnedorsaved.Truefaith
mustbeexpressedingoodworks.
3.Itdecreedthatthesevensacramentswere
institutedbyChrist,Himself.TheEucharistis

16. COUNCIL OF TRENT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COUNCIL:
4.Tofighttheclergy’signorance,thecouncil
decidedtoestablishdiocesanseminariesfor
theirspiritualandculturalformation.
PreachingonSundaysandholidayswas
madeobligatory.
5.Italsoremovedalltheabusesconnected
withtheindulgences.
6.ItexhortedCardinalsandBishopstoavoid
luxuryandtobecomemodelsofholiness
andhumility.

17. Council of Trent

18. VATICAN I
Documents of
1869 -1870

19. -The First Vatican Council was summoned by Pope Pius IXby the bull
Aeterni Patrisof June 29, 1868.
-The first session was held in Saint Peter's Basilica on December 8,
1869. It was the 20th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church.
Nearly 800 church leaders attended.
The pope's primary purpose was to obtain confirmation of the
position he had taken in his Syllabus of Errors(1864), condemning
a wide range of positions associated with rationalism, liberalism,
and materialism.
Purpose of Council
First Vatican Council

20. Pope Pius IX
The longest reigning Pontiff outside of Saint Peter
himself, Blessed Pope Pius IXwas selected the 255th
successor of Peter on June 21, 1846 and died on
February 7, 1878 -32 years in which he guided the
Baroque of Peter through the troubling times of the rise
of modernism and the masonic movement.
A pious Pope who stood by the Traditions with every
fiber of his being, he declared the Dogma of the
Immaculate Conceptionin 1854. Sixteen years later
he would see the end of the Papal States when the
Italian Army took over Rome.
Pope Pius IX
First Vatican Council

21. The First Vatican Council (1869 –1870)
First Vatican Council

22. The results of the Council
Besides the condemnation, to define the doctrine concerning the
church. In the three sessions, there was discussion and approval
of only two constitutions:
1. Dei Filius; (the Dogmatic Constitution On The Catholic
Faith) which defined, among other things, the sense in
which Catholics believe the Bible is inspired by God.
2. Pastor Aeternus; (the First Dogmatic Constitution on
the Church of Christ) dealing with the primacy and
papal infallibility of the bishop of Rome.
First Vatican Council

23. 2VATICAN
Documents of
1962 -1965

24. Second Vatican Council (1962 –1965)
Second Vatican
Council

25. -The Second Vatican Council, or Vatican II, was an Ecumenical
Council of the Roman Catholic Church opened under Pope John XXIII
in 1962 and closed under Pope Paul VI in 1965.
Pope John XXIII,
Opened the Council
in October 11, 1962
Second Vatican
Council

26. The results of the Council
The most visible results were changes in
how;
1.Church sacraments were practiced.
2.The use of vernacular languages for
the Mass.
3.A new attitude towards their
relationship with non-Catholics.
Second Vatican
Council

27. A. 4, Constitution
1.Dei Verbum(Divine Revelation)
2.Gaudium et Spes(Church in the Modern World)
3.Lumen Gentium (The Church)
4.Sacrosanctum Concilium(Liturgy)
Pope Paul VI and
St. Peter’s Rome,
below.
Second Vatican
Council

28. B. 9, Decrees
1.Ad Gentes(Mission Activity)
2.Apostolicam Actuositatem(Lay People)
3.Christus Dominus(Bishops in the Church)
4.Inter Mirifica(Social Communication)
5.Optatam Totius(Priestly Training)
6.Orientalium Ecclesiarum(Eastern Churches)
7.Perfectæ Caritatis(Renewal of Religious Life)
8.Presbyterorum Ordinis(Life of Priests)
9.Unitatis Redintegratio(Ecumenism)
Pope John XIII, at the solemn
opening on October 11, 1962
Second Vatican
Council

29. C. 3, Declaration
1. Dignitatis Humanæ(Religious Freedom)
2. Gravissimum Educationis(Christian
Education)
3. Nostra Aetate(Relations with Non-
Christians)
Pope John XIII, warned the assembly against
the temptation to be pessimistic and integrist.
Second Vatican
Council

30. Second Vatican
Council

31. Pope
John Paul II
-Now in the 23rd year of his pontificate, Karol Józef Wojtyła , known
as John Paul IIwas elevated on October 16, 1978 after his
predecessor John Paul I died mysteriously after only 33 days as
pope.

32. Pope
John Paul II
-No Sovereign Pontiff has been more well known,
more popular with the world and media, or has
traveled to more countries as he has become the "pilgrim pope."
-Pope John Paul II has completed 104 pastoral visits outside of Italy
and 146 within Italy . As Bishop of Rome he has visited 317 of the 333
parishes .
Left: Loreto (Italy)
5 Sept, 2004 and
Right: Lourdes
14-15 Aug 2004

33. Pope
John Paul II
-Now in the twilight years of his life, John Paul II will go down as one of
the most prolific, yet ambiguous and wordy writers among the Popes. He
has written volumes and volumes of works, including his Encyclicals,
Apostolic Letters Constitutions, Exhortations, Angeleses, General
Audiences and Homilies
Pope John Paul II
with Mother Teresa in
Kolkata in 1986 after
he has visited
Singapore in 18 Nov
1986.

34. State of the City of
the Vatican

35. State of the City
of the Vatican
The State of the City of the
Vaticanor the Vatican City is one
of the smallest independent states
in the world (both in area and in
population), a landlocked enclave
surrounded by the city of Rome in
Italy. The Vatican is the home of
the Pope, and forms the territory
of the Holy See, the central
authority of the Roman Catholic
Church.
Vatican City

36. State of the City
of the Vatican
-In 326 the first church was built on the
supposed site of the tomb of Saint Peter,
and from then on the area started to
become more populated.
-Popes in their secular role gradually
extended their control over neighbouring
regions and through the Papal States ruled
a large portion of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years
until the mid 19th century, when most of the territory of the Papal States
was seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy.
History of the Vatican City

37. -In February 11, 1929 by three
Lateran treaties, which established the independent state of the
Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy.
-In 1984, a new concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified
certain provisions of the earlier treaty, including the primacy of Roman
Catholicism as the Italian state religion.
State of the City
of the Vatican