Circulatory system

The circulatory system

1. Circulatory System Aubrey Vale Sagun

2. Consists of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products. This body system is also known as the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

3. The circulatory system is a vast network of organs and vessels that is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, hormones, oxygen and other gases to and from cells. Without the circulatory system, the body would not be able to fight disease or maintain a stable internal environment — such as proper temperature and pH — known as homeostasis.

4. Functions of the Circulatory System: Circulates. blood to all parts of the body. Transports. water, oxygen and nutrients to cells. Transports. wastes, including carbon dioxide, away from the cells. Helps. maintain correct body temperature. Helps. fight disease, through white blood cells and antibodies in the blood.

5. Components of the Circulatory System Heart Blood vessels - Arteries - Veins - Capillaries Blood

6. The Heart The heart is the key organ in the circulatory system. As a hollow,  muscular  pump, its main function is to propel blood throughout the body. It usually beats from 60 to 100 times per minute, but can go much faster when necessary.

7. Parts of the Heart Consists of four chambers in which blood flows. 2 Ventricles (Left and Right Ventricle) 2 Atrium (Left and Right Atrium)

8. Parts of the Heart Aorta - Takes oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body Arteries - Carry blood away from the heart. Bicuspid valve - Valve between left atrium and left ventricle. Coronary vessels - supply the heart muscle with its blood supply. Left ventricle - Pumps oxygenated blood into the Aorta. Pulmonary artery- Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs. Pulmonary vein - Takes oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.

9. Tricuspid valve- Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle. Veins - Carry blood towards the heart. Vena cava - The largest vein in the body it Carries blood from body back to the heart . Right atrium - Receives deoxygenated blood from the body Right ventricle- Pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery.

10. How does the heart work? Blood enters the Right atrium and passes through the right ventricle. The Right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary veins which enter the Left atrium. From the L atrium blood flows to the Left ventricle. The Left ventricle pumps blood to the aorta which distributes the oxygenated blood throughout the rest of the body.

11. Blood Vessel a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary . There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues; and the veins , which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart.

12. Blood Blood has a number of functions that are central to survival, including: supplying oxygen to cells and tissues. Providing essential   nutrients  to cells, such as amino acids , fatty acids, and glucose. removing waste materials, such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid.

13. Composition of Blood Blood is classified as a connective tissue and consists of two main components: Plasma, which is a clear  extracellular  fluid Formed elements, which are made up of the blood cells and platelets The formed elements are so named because they are enclosed in a plasma membrane and have a definite structure and shape. All formed elements are cells except for the platelets, which are tiny fragments of bone marrow cells.

14. Formed elements are: Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs) Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells (WBCs) Platelets

15. Two types of Circulation Pulmonary circulation transports oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where blood picks up a new oxygen supply. Then it returns oxygen rich blood to the left atrium. Circulation

16. Two types of Circulation Systemic circulation provides a functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells. It picks up carbon dioxide and waste products.

17. How does the Circulatory System Work? Blood circulation starts when the heart relaxes between two heartbeats: blood flows from both atria (the upper two chambers of the heart) into the ventricles (the lower two chambers) which then expand. The following phase is called ejection period, which is when both ventricles pump the blood into the large arteries.

18. How does the Circulatory System Work? In the systemic circulation, the left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into the main artery (aorta). The blood travels from the main artery to larger and smaller arteries into the capillary network. There the blood releases oxygen, nutrients and other important substances and takes on carbon dioxide and waste substances. The blood, which is now low in oxygen, is now collected in veins and travels to the right atrium and into the right ventricle.

19. How does the Circulatory System Work? Now pulmonary circulation starts: The right ventricle pumps blood that carries little oxygen into the pulmonary artery, which branches off into smaller and smaller arteries and capillaries. The capillaries form a fine network around the pulmonary vesicles, grape-like air sacs at the end of the airways. This is where carbon dioxide is released from the blood into the air contained in the pulmonary vesicles and fresh oxygen enters the bloodstream. When we breathe out, carbon dioxide leaves our body. Oxygen-rich blood travels through the pulmonary vein and the left atrium into the left ventricle. The next heart beat starts a new cycle of systemic circulation.

20. Blood Pressure As blood is moved through your body, it exerts pressure against the walls of blood vessels. Systolic Pressure : as your heart contracts to push blood into your arteries, your blood pressure is at its highest point. Diastolic Pressure : As your heart relaxes to refill, blood pressure is at its lowest point.

21. Problems of the Circulatory System Hypertension : is a condition in which blood pressure is consistently higher than normal, which can lead to heart attack, stroke, or kidney failure. Stroke usually results from blood clots that block vessels in the brain, or from the rupture of a blood vessel. Heart Attack is a blockage of the flow of blood to the heart.

22. Problems of the Circulatory System Anemia is an abnormally low level of hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen in red blood cells. Leukemia is a disease in which extra white blood cells are produced. Hemophilia is a disease in which the blood plasma does not contain substances that help the blood to clot.