CITATION.pptx

citation

1. LEGAL ZEMS INTERNSHIP BATCH VI CITATION 20 th BLUE BOOK CITATION

2. WHAT IS CITATION? A “ citation ” is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including: information about the author the title of the work the name and location of the company that published your copy of the source the date your copy was published the page numbers of the material you are borrowing

3. WHEN ARE CITATIONS NEEDED? Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to acknowledge their source. The following situations almost always require citation: whenever you use quotes whenever you paraphrase whenever you use an idea that someone else has already expressed whenever you make specific reference to the work of another whenever someone else's work has been critical in developing your own ideas Whenever you refer to a case law.

4. SHORTCUT KEYS FOR CITATIONS Footnotes: Ctrl + Alt + F Endnotes: Ctrl + Alt + D Small Caps: Ctrl + Shift + K Italics: Ctrl + I Bold: Ctrl + B Underline: Ctrl + U

5. IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER WHILE DOING CITATION In case the referred sentence is followed by full stop, then always put the citation after the full stop. 1 “In case of citing a quotation, always place the citation after quotation marks” 2 In case the referred sentence is followed by comma, then place the citation after comma, 3 Citation should always appear before dash 5 ─ or colon 4 : When the citation guide asks to use symbols of paragraph or section, then you definitely need to use them ¶ §

6. TYPES OF LEGAL CITATIONS Harvard Bluebook, 20 th edition . Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA), 4 th edition. New York University School of Law, Guide to Foreign and International Citations, 2 nd edition Standard Indian Legal Citation. Indian Law Institute . Chicago Style (Footnotes and In-text Citations).

7. SHORT FORMS Ibid./Id. – used when referring to immediately previous citation Supra – used to refer a citation previously cited in the document n – used in OSCOLA instead of usage of ‘supra’ et al. – used to refer the remaining authors when any book/article is written by multiple authors

8. TYPES OF STYLE IN BLUE BOOK Blue Pages (Court Documents and Legal Memorials) White Pages (Law Reviews and academic works)

9. BOOKS Single Author: Name of Author, Title of the Book Pg no./Para no./Section no. (Name of editor(s), Edition, Publisher Year). Charles Dickens, Bleak House 49-55 (Norman Page ed., Penguin Books 1971). More than two Authors: Name of one Author et al., Title of the Book Pg no./Para no./Section no. (Name of editor(s), Edition, Publisher Year). Richard H. Fallon et al., Hart and Wechsler’s the Federal Courts and the Federal system 330 (6th ed. 2009).

10. Books in Volumes: Volume no. Name of Author(s), Title of the Book Pg no./Para no./Section no. (Name of editor(s), Edition, Publisher Year). 21 Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1006 (3d ed. 1998).

11. PERIODICALS MATERIAL Consecutively Paginated Journals: Name of Author(s), Title of the article , Volume no. Name of the Journal Pg no. at which article starts, Pg no. which is referred (Year of Publication). David Rudovsky , Police Abuse: Can the Violence be Contained? , 27 Harv . C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 465, 500 (1992). Non - Consecutively Paginated Journals: Name of Author(s), Title of the article , Name of the Journal, Month(s) of issue Year of Publication, at Pg no. at which article starts, Pg no. which is referred. Barbara Ward, Progress of Small Planet , Harv . Bus. Rev., Sept.-Oct. 1979, at 89, 90. Newspaper: Name of Author(s), Title of the article , Name of the Newspaper, Published date, at Pg no. of the article John M. Broder , Geography is Dividing Democrats over Energy , N.Y. Times, Jan. 27, 2009, at 1.

12. INTERNET SOURCES Web Articles: Name of Author(s), Title of the Article , Portal name (Date of publication, Time of Publication), URL. Eric Posner, More on Section 7 of the Torture Convention , Volokh Conspiracy (Jan. 29, 2009, 10:04 AM), http://www.volokh.com/ posts /1233241 458.shtml . (Last accessed on 13th August, 2021 at 8:45 p.m.) Article available in PDF: Name of Author(s), Title of the article , Volume no. Name of the Journal Pg no. at which article starts, Pg no. which is referred (Year of Publication), URL. Kenneth W Simons, Retributivists Need Not and Should Not Endorse the Subjectivist Account of Punishment , 109 Colum. L. Rev. Sidebar 1, 3 (2009), http://columbialawreview.org/wpcontent/uploads/2009/03/1_Simons.pdf.

13. NEWS PAPER - ONLINE Name of Author(s), Title of the article , Name of the Newspaper, Published date, URL. John M. Broder , Geography is Dividing Democrats over Energy , N.Y. Times (16 th May, 2021), http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/27/science/earth/27coal.html.

14. DOMESTIC CASES Indian Cases: Name of the first party v. Name of the second party , citation of the reporters, pinpoint pg no. (if any). Justice K.S. Puttuswamy v. Union of India , (2017) 10 SCC 1. Unreported Cases: Name of the first party v. Name of the second party , Case no. (Name of the Court Date of Judgement). Justice K.S. Puttuswamy v. Union of India , W.P. (Civil) 494 of 2012 (S.C. Aug. 24, 2017).

15. U.S.A. Cases: Name of the first party v. Name of the second party , citation of the reporters, pinpoint pg no. (if any). Illinois Central Railway v. Illinois ,146 US 387 (1892 ). U.K. Cases: Name of the first party v. Name of the second party , citation of the reporters, pinpoint pg no. (if any). Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. , [1893] 1 QB 256.

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