civics chapter 1.pptx

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1. Name : Shreyash Prajapati CLASS : 8 A TH Roll no: 40

2. Chapter: 1 THE INDIAN C ONSTITUTION

3. A constitution is a set of rules that establishes how a country, state, or other political organization functions. It defines the government's powers and duties, and guarantees certain rights to its citizens. Constitutions can also outline the government's branches, their powers, and how they work. What is constitution ?

4. Why does a country needs a constitution

5. WHY DOES A COUNTRY NEED A CONSTITUTION

6. How government misuse their powers. EX-

7. The Indian constitution key features:

8. federalism

9. Federalism Federalism is a system of government where two levels of government control the same territory. The national government is responsible for broader governance of larger areas, while states and cities govern local issues. Both the national government and smaller political subdivisions have the power to make laws and have a certain level of autonomy from each other.

10. Parliamentary form of government

11. Parliamentary form of government A parliamentary system of government is a democratic system where the head of government is accountable to the legislature, usually a parliament, and derives their democratic legitimacy from the legislature's support. In this system, the legislative branch (parliament) elects the prime minister, who serves as the executive branch of government. The executive is responsible to the legislature for its policies and actions.

12. Parliamentary form of government

13. SEPERATION OF POWER

14. SEPERATION OF POWER The separation of powers is a doctrine that divides the government into three branches: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The purpose of this separation is to prevent any one person or group from abusing their power

15. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

16. The Fundamental Rights In The Indian Constitution Include: 1- Right to Equality 2- Right to Freedom 3- Right against Exploitation 4- Right to Freedom of Religion 5- Cultural and Educational Rights 6- Right to constitutional Remedies

17. RIGHT TO EQUALITY All persons are equal before law. This means that all persons shall be equally protected by the laws of the country. It also states that no citizen can be discriminated against on basis of their religion, caste or sex. Every person ha access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops etc. The state cannot discriminate against anyone in matters of employment. But there are exceptions to this. The practice of untouchability has been also been abolished.

18. Right to Freedom The Right to Freedom in the Indian Constitution includes Articles 19 to 22, which guarantee citizens certain fundamental freedoms. These include the right to speech and expression, form of associations, freedom of personal liberty, freedom to live a life of dignity, etc.

19. Right against Exploitation