Clarifire

Clarifire

1. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF CLARIFIER PRESENTING BY – NISHTHA YADAW M.Sc. (R.T.) II SEMESTER DEPARTMENT OF RURAL TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, GURU GHASIDAS VISHVAVIDYALAYA , BILASPUR (C.G.) COURSE CODE – RT – 205 (RURAL WASTE MANAGEMENT) SESSION – 2018-19

2. CONTENTS INTODUCTION CLARIFIER WORKING PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SLUDGE PRIMARY CLARIFIER SECONDARY CLARIFIER TYPES OF CLARIFIER

3. INTRPDUCTION Sewage Treatment Plants are installed at various industries for treating waste before discharging them into water bodies. The plant receives the waste from domestic, commercial and industrial sources and removes the harmful materials from the sewage that damage water quality. The prime objective of a sewage treatment plant is to make the industrial effluents free from elements that are harmful for human and environment. We offer following equipments: Clarifier Clariflocculators Effluent Treatment Systems Water Pollution Control Systems Waste Treatment Plants

4. CLARIFIER Clarification is the process to remove suspended solids from water which is done by Clarifier. It is the economical and an essential part of effluent treatment plants and other raw water treatment plants. Depending upon the plant, the clarifiers are available in wide varieties of shapes. Clarifiers work on the principle of gravity settling. The heavier suspended solids settle in the clarifier due to the quiescent conditions provided in the Clarification zone. The settled solids are swept to the centre well provided for collection of sludge with help of moving scraper blades.

5. WORKING

6. PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SLUDGE Sludge refers to the semi-solid residual material which is left behind from the treatment of wastewater. The two main types of sludge produced from the wastewater treatment process are primary and secondary sludge. Primary sludge is a result of the capture of suspended solids and organics in the primary treatment process through gravitational sedimentation, typically by a primary clarifier. The secondary treatment process uses microorganisms to consume the organic matter in the wastewater. The microorganisms feed on the biodegradable material in the wastewater in the aeration tank then flow into a secondary clarifier where the biomass settles out and removed as secondary sludge.

7. PRIMARY CLARIFIER Primary clarification is the physical treatment process of removing solids before biological treatment. Floatable material (scum) are removed from the surface by skimmers and settle able solids (sludge) are collected on the bottom by a rakes. The expected range for percent removal in a primary clarifier is 90% - 95% settle able solids , 40% - 60% suspended solids.

8. SECONDARY CLARIFIER Microorganisms such as bacteria and protozoa can use the small particles and dissolved organic matter not removed in primary clarifier as food. In a secondary clarifier which operates in the same manner as the primary clarifier discribed previously. Some of the solids collected in the secondary clarifier ( return activated seludge ) are sent back to the aeration tank.

9. TYPES OF CLARIFIER Circular Clarifier The Clarifier design can be applied to water or wastewater treatment systems.  It includes a larger influent well to provide the required flocculation time.  Mechanical flocculation is proved by either concentric ‘stacked’ drives or independent mixers.  Tanks start at 10 feet in diameter and larger. 

10. Rectangular Clarifier The Chain & Scraper Sludge Collection System provides for wastewater treatment system. commonly used in very large or space constrained municipal and industrial spaces, removes both settled and suspended solids from liquids.

11. REFERENCES  Hammer, Mark J.  Water and Waste-Water Technology.  John Wiley & Sons (1975) ISBN 0-471-34726-4, pp. 223–225. Metcalf & Eddy.  Wastewater Engineering McGraw-Hill (1972). pp. 449–453.   Zytner , Richard G. "Solids Separation.“ School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Accessed 14 October 2013.

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