class 1 horti.pdfImportance , meanings and concept of horticulture

Importance , meanings and concept of horticulture

1. Introduction to Horticulture
1. Horticulture: - Horticulture is a branch of agriculture which deal about study of fruit
crops, vegetable crops, commercial flowers, ornamental gardens, plantation crops, aromatic
plants, medicinal plants, spices crops, individual tree, shrub, climber and post-harvest
management and processing.
 The word ‘Horticulture’ came into existence in the seventeenth century. It is found
mentioned in Peter Lauremberg’s treatise written in 1631.
 E. Phillips used the word ‘Horticulture’ in his book ‘The New World of English Words’
(1678).
 Horticulture word is derived from Latin words “Hortus” and “Cultura/ Cultus”. Hortus
means garden and Cultura/Culture means cultivation.

2. Importance of Horticulture Crops:
1. Per Unit Area Yield is High
2. High Returns per Unit Area
3. High Employment Generation Per Unit Area:As per estimation, if agriculture crops are grown in
one hectare it gives 143 employment days per year but horticulture crops are far more ahead and it gives
860 in fruit crops, 912 in vegetables, 1000-2000 in banana and papaya, 547 in flower crops employment
days per year.
4. Best Utilization of Waste Land: Some fruit crops can offer best utilization of waste land crops like
wood apple, custard apple, karonda, litchi, cashew nut, coconut etc can be grown in such areas.
5. Raw Material for Industries
6. Use of Undulating Lands
7. Religious Importance/Aesthetic value:
 Coconut.
 Banana
 Pipal
 Goddess Sita
 Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera).
 Pipal, Banyan (Ficus benghalensis)

3. Nutritive Value: Fruits and vegetables are important part of our dietary, which are rich source of
nutrient (carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber). Carbohydrates, protein and
fat are macronutrients, considered as energy sources. Vitamins and minerals are micro nutrient, play
important role in body building. Fibers have several direct and indirect advantages. ICMR, New Delhi,
recommends 400g/day) and 100g of fruits per capita every day for balance diet.
1g glucose liberates 4.0 calories of energy.
Carbohydrates :
Fruit Sources Vegetable sources
Raisins 77.3% Cassava 38.1%
Apricot (dry) 72.8% Sweet Potato 28.2%
Dry Date 67.37% Potato 22.6%
Karonda (dry) 67.1%

4. Proteins
Fruit Sources Vegetable sources
Cashewnut 21.20% Lima Bean 7.9 g/100g
Almond 20.88 % Pea 7.2 g/100g
Walnut 15.60% Cow Pea 4.3 g/100g
Fat
Fruit Sources Vegetable sources
Walnut 64.5% Bengal Gram 1.40 g/100g
Almond 58.9% Potato 1.18 g/100g
Cashew nut 46.9% Small Bitter gourd 1.0 g/100g
Avocado 22.8%

5. Vitamins
Vitamin-A (Retinol, Carotene
Fruit Sources Vegetable sources
Mango 4800 IU Bathua leaves 11300 IU
Papaya 2020 IU Colocasia leaves 10278 IU
Persimmon 1710 IU Turnip green 15000 IU
Date palm 600 IU Beet leaves 9770 IU
Vitamin-B1 (Thiamine)
Fruit Sources Vegetable sources
Cashew nut 630 mg/100g Palk 0.26 mg/100g
Walnut 450 mg/100g Pea 0.25 mg/100g
Vitamin-B2 (Riboflavin)
Fruit Sources Vegetable sources
Bael 1191 mg/100g Palak 0.56 mg/100g
Papaya 250 mg/100g Chillies 0.39 mg/100g
Cashew nut 190 mg/100g Fenugreek leaves 0.31 mg/100g
Pineapple 120 mg/100g

6. Vitamin-B3 (Nicotinic Acid)
Fruit Sources Vegetable sources
Litchi 122.5 mg/100g Palak 3.3 mg/100g
Amaranths leaves 1.0 mg/100g
Vitamin-C (Ascorbic acid)
Fruit Sources Vegetable sources
Barbados cherry 1400 mg/100g Drumstick leaves 250 mg/100g
Aonla 600 mg/100g Coriander leaves 135 mg/100g
Guava 299 mg/100g Chillies 111 mg/100g
Broccoli 109 mg/100g

7. Commercial Propagation Methods
Method Fruits
Seed Papaya, Phalsa, Acid lime, Coconut, Arecanut, Passion Fruit, Cape
gooseberry, Oil Palm, Cocoa, Coffee
Seed, Hard wood cutting Karonda, Jatropha
Soft wood cutting Geranium, Bougainvillea and other annual ornamental plant
Seed, Inarching Mangosteen
Seed, T-budding Pummelo
Softwood Cutting, Leaf Node
Cutting
Tea

8. Hard wood cutting Fig, Pomegranate, Grape, Deshi Gulab, Bougainvillea, Duranta
Air layering Lemon, Cherry, Lemon, Avocado
Stooling Guava
Suckers Banana, Bamboo, Teak
Offshoot & Suckers Date palm
Patch Budding Aonla, Jamun, Peanut, Beal
T-Budding (Shield Budding) Mandarin, Sweet Orange, Peach, Plum, Almond, Grape Fruit, Olive
Tongue Grafting Apple, Pear, Apricoat
Inarching Sapota, Jack Fruit, Loquat, Avacado
Forket Budding Rubber chest nut
Corm Colocasia, Gladiolus, Yam

9. To be continue …..
In Nxt class