CLASS 10 POLITICAL SCIENCE Chapterwise topicwise Notes CHAPTER-2 Federalism.pdf
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About This Presentation
SST class 10
Slide Content
INTRODUCTION AND RECALL FROM PREVIOUS CHAPTER
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
INTRODUCTION AND RECALL FROM PREVIOUS CHAPTER
Federalism
• Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central
authority and various constituent units of the country.
• Usually, a federation has two levels of government.
• One is the government for the entire country that is usually
responsible for a few subjects of common national interest.
• The others are governments at the level of provinces or states that
look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state.
• Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the other.
Unitary System
• Federations are contrasted with unitary governments.
• Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government, or the sub-units are
subordinate to the central government.
• The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government.
Key features of Federalism
• There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
• Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own
Jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation, and administration.
• The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are
specified in the constitution. So, the existence and authority of each
tier of government is constitutionally guaranteed.
• The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed
by one level of government.
• Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different
levels of government. The highest court acts as an umpire if disputes arise
between different levels of government in the exercise of their respective powers.
• Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure
its financial autonomy.
The federal system thus has dual objectives -
• To safeguard and promote unity of the country. Page 1
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
INTRODUCTION AND RECALL FROM PREVIOUS CHAPTER
Federalism
• Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central
authority and various constituent units of the country.
• Usually, a federation has two levels of government.
• One is the government for the entire country that is usually
responsible for a few subjects of common national interest.
• The others are governments at the level of provinces or states that
look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state.
• Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the other.
Unitary System
• Federations are contrasted with unitary governments.
• Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government, or the sub-units are
subordinate to the central government.
• The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government.
Key features of Federalism
• There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
• Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own
Jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation, and administration.
• The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are
specified in the constitution. So, the existence and authority of each
tier of government is constitutionally guaranteed.
• The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed
by one level of government.
• Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different
levels of government. The highest court acts as an umpire if disputes arise
between different levels of government in the exercise of their respective powers.
• Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure
its financial autonomy.
The federal system thus has dual objectives -
• To safeguard and promote unity of the country. Page 1
INTRODUCTION AND RECALL FROM PREVIOUS CHAPTER
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• Accommodate regional diversity.
Two aspects are crucial for the institutions and practice of federalism.
• Governments at different levels should agree to some rules of power-sharing.
• They should also trust that each would abide by its part of the agreement.
Two kinds of Federation
Coming together federations
• It Involves independent States coming together on their own to form a bigger unit, so that by
pooling sovereignty and retaining identity they can increase their security.
• USA, Switzerland, and Australia.
• All the constituent States usually have equal power and are strong vis-à-vis the federal
government.
Holding together federations
• When a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent States and the
national government, it is known as Holding together federations.
• India, Spain, and Belgium are examples of it.
• The central government tends to be more powerful vis-à-vis the States.
• Very often different constituent units of the federation have unequal powers. Some units are
granted special powers.
Page 2
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• Accommodate regional diversity.
Two aspects are crucial for the institutions and practice of federalism.
• Governments at different levels should agree to some rules of power-sharing.
• They should also trust that each would abide by its part of the agreement.
Two kinds of Federation
Coming together federations
• It Involves independent States coming together on their own to form a bigger unit, so that by
pooling sovereignty and retaining identity they can increase their security.
• USA, Switzerland, and Australia.
• All the constituent States usually have equal power and are strong vis-à-vis the federal
government.
Holding together federations
• When a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent States and the
national government, it is known as Holding together federations.
• India, Spain, and Belgium are examples of it.
• The central government tends to be more powerful vis-à-vis the States.
• Very often different constituent units of the federation have unequal powers. Some units are
granted special powers.
Page 2
WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY?
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY?
Union list
• Union list includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country,
foreign affairs, banking, communications, and currency.
• They are included in this list because we need a uniform policy on these
matters throughout the country.
• The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects
mentioned in the Union List.
State list
• State list contains subjects of State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce,
agriculture, and irrigation.
• The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the state
list.
Concurrent list
• Includes subjects of common interest to both the Union government as well as the State
government, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption, and succession.
• Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned
in this list.
• If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.
Residuary subjects
All those subjects which do not fall in any of the list and came up after
the constitution was made are included in the residuary list.
Example
• Computer Software
Only central government can make laws on them.
Provisions in Holding together federation
Special states
Do not give equal power to its constituent units. Page 1
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY?
Union list
• Union list includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country,
foreign affairs, banking, communications, and currency.
• They are included in this list because we need a uniform policy on these
matters throughout the country.
• The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects
mentioned in the Union List.
State list
• State list contains subjects of State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce,
agriculture, and irrigation.
• The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the state
list.
Concurrent list
• Includes subjects of common interest to both the Union government as well as the State
government, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption, and succession.
• Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned
in this list.
• If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.
Residuary subjects
All those subjects which do not fall in any of the list and came up after
the constitution was made are included in the residuary list.
Example
• Computer Software
Only central government can make laws on them.
Provisions in Holding together federation
Special states
Do not give equal power to its constituent units. Page 1
WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY?
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• All States in the Indian Union do not have identical powers.
• Some States enjoy a special status.
Explain
• Earlier Jammu and Kashmir had its own constitution.
• Article 371 gives many special powers to some of the states.
Example: - States in Northeast
Union territories
• Units of the Indian Union which enjoy very little power.
• These are areas which are too small to become an independent State, but which could not be
merged with any of the existing States.
• These territories do not have the powers of a State.
• The Central Government has special powers in running these
areas.
Example: Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, and Delhi.
The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by
one.
level of government.
Power Sharing
• Basic to the structure of the Constitution.
• It is not easy to make changes to this power sharing arrangement.
• The Parliament cannot on its own change this arrangement.
• Any change to it has to be first passed by both the Houses of Parliament with at least two-
thirds majority.
• Then it has to be ratified by the legislatures of at least half of the total State.
The judiciary plays an important role in overseeing the implementation of constitutional provisions
and procedures.
In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High Courts, and the Supreme Court
make a decision.
The Union and State governments have the power to raise resources by levying taxes in order to
carry on the government and the responsibilities assigned to each of them. Page 2
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• All States in the Indian Union do not have identical powers.
• Some States enjoy a special status.
Explain
• Earlier Jammu and Kashmir had its own constitution.
• Article 371 gives many special powers to some of the states.
Example: - States in Northeast
Union territories
• Units of the Indian Union which enjoy very little power.
• These are areas which are too small to become an independent State, but which could not be
merged with any of the existing States.
• These territories do not have the powers of a State.
• The Central Government has special powers in running these
areas.
Example: Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, and Delhi.
The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by
one.
level of government.
Power Sharing
• Basic to the structure of the Constitution.
• It is not easy to make changes to this power sharing arrangement.
• The Parliament cannot on its own change this arrangement.
• Any change to it has to be first passed by both the Houses of Parliament with at least two-
thirds majority.
• Then it has to be ratified by the legislatures of at least half of the total State.
The judiciary plays an important role in overseeing the implementation of constitutional provisions
and procedures.
In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High Courts, and the Supreme Court
make a decision.
The Union and State governments have the power to raise resources by levying taxes in order to
carry on the government and the responsibilities assigned to each of them. Page 2
HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTISED?
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTISED?
Linguistic states
People who spoke the same language lived in the same State.
The creation of linguistic states was the first and a major test for democratic politics in our country.
Creation of linguistic state
• Some States were created not on the basis of language but to recognise differences based on
culture, ethnicity or geography.
• These include States like Nagaland, Uttarakhand, and Jharkhand. Page 1
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTISED?
Linguistic states
People who spoke the same language lived in the same State.
The creation of linguistic states was the first and a major test for democratic politics in our country.
Creation of linguistic state
• Some States were created not on the basis of language but to recognise differences based on
culture, ethnicity or geography.
• These include States like Nagaland, Uttarakhand, and Jharkhand. Page 1
HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTISED?
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• Some national leaders feared that creation of linguistic state would lead to the disintegration
of the country. The Central Government resisted linguistic States for some time.
Outcome
• But the experience has shown that the formation of linguistic states has actually made the
country, more united.
• It has also made administration easier. Page 2
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• Some national leaders feared that creation of linguistic state would lead to the disintegration
of the country. The Central Government resisted linguistic States for some time.
Outcome
• But the experience has shown that the formation of linguistic states has actually made the
country, more united.
• It has also made administration easier. Page 2
HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTISED?
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
Language Policy
Connect with federalism.
Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language.
Is Hindi our national language?
Hindi was identified as the official language.
• Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled
Languages by the Constitution.
• A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central
Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these
languages.
• States too have their own official languages.
Hindi and English
• The leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi.
According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was to stop in 1965.
• Many non-Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English continue.
• In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form.
• The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with
Hindi for official purposes.
Promotion of Hindi Page 3
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
Language Policy
Connect with federalism.
Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language.
Is Hindi our national language?
Hindi was identified as the official language.
• Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled
Languages by the Constitution.
• A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central
Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these
languages.
• States too have their own official languages.
Hindi and English
• The leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi.
According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was to stop in 1965.
• Many non-Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English continue.
• In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form.
• The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with
Hindi for official purposes.
Promotion of Hindi Page 3
HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTISED?
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India Right OR Wrong
Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people
speak a different language.
The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that
Sri Lanka finds itself in.
Centre - State relations and federalism
Influences the practice of federalism in the country.
Constitutional arrangements for sharing power work in reality depends to a large extent on how
the ruling parties and leaders follow these arrangements.
Before 1990s
• The same party ruled both at the Centre and in most of the States.
• This meant that the State governments did not exercise their rights as autonomous federal
units.
• The Central Government would often misuse the Constitution to dismiss the State
governments that were controlled by rival parties.
• This undermined the spirit of federalism.
After 1990s
• This period saw the rise of regional political parties in many States of the country.
• This was also the beginning of the era of Coalition Government at the Centre. Page 4
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India Right OR Wrong
Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people
speak a different language.
The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that
Sri Lanka finds itself in.
Centre - State relations and federalism
Influences the practice of federalism in the country.
Constitutional arrangements for sharing power work in reality depends to a large extent on how
the ruling parties and leaders follow these arrangements.
Before 1990s
• The same party ruled both at the Centre and in most of the States.
• This meant that the State governments did not exercise their rights as autonomous federal
units.
• The Central Government would often misuse the Constitution to dismiss the State
governments that were controlled by rival parties.
• This undermined the spirit of federalism.
After 1990s
• This period saw the rise of regional political parties in many States of the country.
• This was also the beginning of the era of Coalition Government at the Centre. Page 4
HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTISED?
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• Since no single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, the major national parties had to
enter into an alliance with many parties including several regional parties to form a
government at the Centre.
• This led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for the autonomy of State
Governments. Page 5
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• Since no single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, the major national parties had to
enter into an alliance with many parties including several regional parties to form a
government at the Centre.
• This led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for the autonomy of State
Governments. Page 5
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
Federal power sharing in India needs another tier of government, below that of the State
governments.
Decentralisation: - When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local
government.
The reasons behind decentralisation
• There are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level.
• People have better knowledge of problems in their localities.
• They also have better ideas on where to spend money and how to manage things more
efficiently.
• At the local level it is possible for the people to directly participate in decision
making.
• This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation.
• There were several attempts to decentralise power which were
not very much successful.
• Panchayat and municipalities were set up in all the states, but these
were directly under the control of state governments.
• Elections to these local governments were not held regularly.
• Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own.
• Thus, there was very little decentralisation in effective terms.
Major step towards decentralisation in 1992 Page 1
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
Federal power sharing in India needs another tier of government, below that of the State
governments.
Decentralisation: - When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local
government.
The reasons behind decentralisation
• There are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level.
• People have better knowledge of problems in their localities.
• They also have better ideas on where to spend money and how to manage things more
efficiently.
• At the local level it is possible for the people to directly participate in decision
making.
• This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation.
• There were several attempts to decentralise power which were
not very much successful.
• Panchayat and municipalities were set up in all the states, but these
were directly under the control of state governments.
• Elections to these local governments were not held regularly.
• Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own.
• Thus, there was very little decentralisation in effective terms.
Major step towards decentralisation in 1992 Page 1
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
A major step towards decentralisation was taken in 1992 by Constitutional Amendment (73rd and
74th)
• Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
• Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these
institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward
Classes.
• At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
• An independent institution called the State Election Commission has
been created in each State to conduct panchayat and municipal
elections.
• The State governments are required to share some powers and
revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing
varies from State to State.
Rural local government
Gram Panchayat
• Each village, or a group of villages in some States, has a gram panchayat.
• This is a council consisting of several ward members, often called Panch, and a president or
sarpanch.
• They are directly elected by all the adult population living in that ward or village. Page 2
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
A major step towards decentralisation was taken in 1992 by Constitutional Amendment (73rd and
74th)
• Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
• Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these
institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward
Classes.
• At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
• An independent institution called the State Election Commission has
been created in each State to conduct panchayat and municipal
elections.
• The State governments are required to share some powers and
revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing
varies from State to State.
Rural local government
Gram Panchayat
• Each village, or a group of villages in some States, has a gram panchayat.
• This is a council consisting of several ward members, often called Panch, and a president or
sarpanch.
• They are directly elected by all the adult population living in that ward or village. Page 2
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• It is the decision-making body for the entire village.
• The panchayat works under the overall supervision of the gram Sabha.
Gram Sabha is a body consisting of all adult voters in a gram panchayat.
It has to meet at least twice or thrice in a year to approve the annual budget of the gram panchayat
and to review the performance of the gram panchayat.
Structure of rural local government
A few gram panchayats are grouped together to form what is usually called a panchayat samiti or
block or mandal.
The members of this representative body are elected by all the panchayat members in that area.
• All the panchayat samitis or mandals in a district together constitute the zilla (district)
parishad.
• Most members of the zilla parishad are elected.
• Members of the Lok Sabha and MLAs of that district and some other officials of other district
level Page 3
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• It is the decision-making body for the entire village.
• The panchayat works under the overall supervision of the gram Sabha.
Gram Sabha is a body consisting of all adult voters in a gram panchayat.
It has to meet at least twice or thrice in a year to approve the annual budget of the gram panchayat
and to review the performance of the gram panchayat.
Structure of rural local government
A few gram panchayats are grouped together to form what is usually called a panchayat samiti or
block or mandal.
The members of this representative body are elected by all the panchayat members in that area.
• All the panchayat samitis or mandals in a district together constitute the zilla (district)
parishad.
• Most members of the zilla parishad are elected.
• Members of the Lok Sabha and MLAs of that district and some other officials of other district
level Page 3
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• bodies are also its members.
• Zilla parishad chairperson is the political head of the zilla parishad.
Urban local government
Local government bodies for urban areas.
• Municipalities are set up in towns.
• Big cities are constituted into Municipal Corporations.
• Both municipalities and municipal corporations are controlled by elected bodies consisting of
people’s representatives.
• Municipal chairperson is the political head of the municipality.
• In a municipal corporation such an officer is called the Mayor.
Difficulties for local government
Achievement
• There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives in the panchayats and municipalities
etc., all over the country.
• Constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in our country.
• It has also increased women’s representation and voice in our democracy.
Challenges
• While elections are held regularly and enthusiastically, gram sabhas are not held regularly.
• Most state governments have not transferred significant powers to the local governments.
• They are not given adequate resources.
• We are thus still a long way from realising the ideal of self-government.
Page 4
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
• bodies are also its members.
• Zilla parishad chairperson is the political head of the zilla parishad.
Urban local government
Local government bodies for urban areas.
• Municipalities are set up in towns.
• Big cities are constituted into Municipal Corporations.
• Both municipalities and municipal corporations are controlled by elected bodies consisting of
people’s representatives.
• Municipal chairperson is the political head of the municipality.
• In a municipal corporation such an officer is called the Mayor.
Difficulties for local government
Achievement
• There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives in the panchayats and municipalities
etc., all over the country.
• Constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in our country.
• It has also increased women’s representation and voice in our democracy.
Challenges
• While elections are held regularly and enthusiastically, gram sabhas are not held regularly.
• Most state governments have not transferred significant powers to the local governments.
• They are not given adequate resources.
• We are thus still a long way from realising the ideal of self-government.
Page 4
Federalism
DPP-01
[Topic: What is Federalism?]
Objective Type Questions
1. Choose the correct answers from the given option. (MCQs)
(i) Which of the following is not a feature of federalism?
(b) Central government has all powers
(c) Two or more level of government
(d) Division of powers between the central government and governments of units (centre and state)
(ii) Which group of countries follow the unitary system?
(a) France, Germany and India
(b) United Arab Emirates, China and Sri Lanka.
(c) The United States, Japan and Spain
(d) Belgium, India and Spain.
2. Fill in the blanks
(i) Under the system, there is only one level of government or the sub units are subordinate to the
government.
(ii) The highest levels of acts as an umpire if disputes arise between different in the exercise of their
respective powers.
3.Correct and Rewrite Question
The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are unspecified in the Constitution.
So the existence and authority of each tier of government is not constitutionally guaranteed.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
4. If federalism works only in big country, why did Belgium adopt it?
5. How do the Central and State Governments enjoy their power in federal system?
Short Answer Type Questions
6. Highlight three major distinctionsbetween the federations of 'comingtogether' type and 'holding
together' type.
OR
Distinguish between "Coming together" and "Holding together" federations.
7. What is 'Federalism'? Which two levels of federation government exist?
8. An ideal federal system has two important objectives. Explain.
DPP-01
[Topic: What is Federalism?]
Objective Type Questions
1. Choose the correct answers from the given option. (MCQs)
(i) Which of the following is not a feature of federalism?
(b) Central government has all powers
(c) Two or more level of government
(d) Division of powers between the central government and governments of units (centre and state)
(ii) Which group of countries follow the unitary system?
(a) France, Germany and India
(b) United Arab Emirates, China and Sri Lanka.
(c) The United States, Japan and Spain
(d) Belgium, India and Spain.
2. Fill in the blanks
(i) Under the system, there is only one level of government or the sub units are subordinate to the
government.
(ii) The highest levels of acts as an umpire if disputes arise between different in the exercise of their
respective powers.
3.Correct and Rewrite Question
The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are unspecified in the Constitution.
So the existence and authority of each tier of government is not constitutionally guaranteed.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
4. If federalism works only in big country, why did Belgium adopt it?
5. How do the Central and State Governments enjoy their power in federal system?
Short Answer Type Questions
6. Highlight three major distinctionsbetween the federations of 'comingtogether' type and 'holding
together' type.
OR
Distinguish between "Coming together" and "Holding together" federations.
7. What is 'Federalism'? Which two levels of federation government exist?
8. An ideal federal system has two important objectives. Explain.
9. Describe any three features of 'unitary government'.
Long Answer Type Questions
10. Distinguish between unitary form of government and federal form of government.
OR
What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with
an example.
11. How is a federal government different from the unitary form of government? Why are federations
preferred these days?
12. Explain any five key features of federalism.
OR
Describe the main features of federalism.
OR
Enlist any five features of federalism.
OR
Mention any five main features which makes India a federal country.
13. "Holding together federations" do not give equal power to its constituent units. Explain the
statement with help of examples in context to India.
14. Why has federalism succeeded in India? Which were the policies adoptedby India that ensured this
success ? Explain.
Long Answer Type Questions
10. Distinguish between unitary form of government and federal form of government.
OR
What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with
an example.
11. How is a federal government different from the unitary form of government? Why are federations
preferred these days?
12. Explain any five key features of federalism.
OR
Describe the main features of federalism.
OR
Enlist any five features of federalism.
OR
Mention any five main features which makes India a federal country.
13. "Holding together federations" do not give equal power to its constituent units. Explain the
statement with help of examples in context to India.
14. Why has federalism succeeded in India? Which were the policies adoptedby India that ensured this
success ? Explain.
Federalism
DPP-02
[Topic: What Makes India a Federal Country?]
Objective Type Questions
1. Choose the correct answer from the given options. (MCQs)
(i) Residuary subjects include subjects which among the following
(a) of national importance
(b) of state level importance.
(c) which do not fall in any of the three lists.
(d) of common interest of both the central and the state governments.
(ii) Who is the guardian of the Constitution of India?
(a) The High Court
(b) The Supreme Court
(c) The President
(d) The Prime Minister
2. State whether the following statements are true or false.
(i) Police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation are included in the state list.
(ii) Computer software and hardware are not residuary subjects.
(iii) The sharing of power between the union government and the state governments is basic to the
structure of the Constitution.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
3. In which list of the Indian Constitution does education come? Why?
OR
Give the subjects of concurrent list.
4. Which subjects are included in the Union List?
5. Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is
different from that of Belgium.
6. Which government has the power to legislate on 'Residuary' subjects in India?
Short Answer Type Questions
7. Name the various tiers of the federation.
8. Explain the factors that make federal government in India so attractive.
9. What are union territories? Which territories in India do not enjoy the powers of a state?
DPP-02
[Topic: What Makes India a Federal Country?]
Objective Type Questions
1. Choose the correct answer from the given options. (MCQs)
(i) Residuary subjects include subjects which among the following
(a) of national importance
(b) of state level importance.
(c) which do not fall in any of the three lists.
(d) of common interest of both the central and the state governments.
(ii) Who is the guardian of the Constitution of India?
(a) The High Court
(b) The Supreme Court
(c) The President
(d) The Prime Minister
2. State whether the following statements are true or false.
(i) Police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation are included in the state list.
(ii) Computer software and hardware are not residuary subjects.
(iii) The sharing of power between the union government and the state governments is basic to the
structure of the Constitution.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
3. In which list of the Indian Constitution does education come? Why?
OR
Give the subjects of concurrent list.
4. Which subjects are included in the Union List?
5. Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is
different from that of Belgium.
6. Which government has the power to legislate on 'Residuary' subjects in India?
Short Answer Type Questions
7. Name the various tiers of the federation.
8. Explain the factors that make federal government in India so attractive.
9. What are union territories? Which territories in India do not enjoy the powers of a state?
10. How are constitutional changes made in a federal system?
OR
How the sharing of power between the union government and the state government is basic to the
structure of the constitution?
11. What is the role of the judiciary in a federal system?
OR
How does judiciary play an important role in the Indian federation?
12. Describe any three features of Indian Federalism.
Long Answer Type Questions
13. How are the powers divided between the states and centre? Explain with examples.
OR
Describe the three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and
State Governments of India.
OR
Describe the three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the
State Governments. Who can make laws on the subjects which are not covered under these lists
and what name has been given to such subjects?
14. "India is a federal country." Explain by giving examples.
Source Based Question
15. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Source A: Union List
Union List includes subjects of national importance such as defence of thecountry, foreign affairs,
banking, communications and currency. They are included in this list because we need a uniform
policy on these matters throughout the country. The Union Government alone can make laws
relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
Source B: State List
State List contains subjects of State and local importance such as police,trade, commerce,
agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects
mentioned in the State List.
Source C: Concurrent List
OR
How the sharing of power between the union government and the state government is basic to the
structure of the constitution?
11. What is the role of the judiciary in a federal system?
OR
How does judiciary play an important role in the Indian federation?
12. Describe any three features of Indian Federalism.
Long Answer Type Questions
13. How are the powers divided between the states and centre? Explain with examples.
OR
Describe the three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and
State Governments of India.
OR
Describe the three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the
State Governments. Who can make laws on the subjects which are not covered under these lists
and what name has been given to such subjects?
14. "India is a federal country." Explain by giving examples.
Source Based Question
15. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Source A: Union List
Union List includes subjects of national importance such as defence of thecountry, foreign affairs,
banking, communications and currency. They are included in this list because we need a uniform
policy on these matters throughout the country. The Union Government alone can make laws
relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
Source B: State List
State List contains subjects of State and local importance such as police,trade, commerce,
agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects
mentioned in the State List.
Source C: Concurrent List
Concurrent List includes subjects of common interest to both the Union Government as well as
the State Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession.
Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjectsmentioned in this
list. If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.
Source A
(i) How many items are listed in the Union List?
Source B
(ii) Which kind of subjects are listed in the State List? What happen if any provisions of the List
repugnant the provision of central government which is made by Parliamentof India?
Source C
(iii) Who makes laws in the Concurrent List? If conflict occurs then what happen in the List?
the State Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession.
Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjectsmentioned in this
list. If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.
Source A
(i) How many items are listed in the Union List?
Source B
(ii) Which kind of subjects are listed in the State List? What happen if any provisions of the List
repugnant the provision of central government which is made by Parliamentof India?
Source C
(iii) Who makes laws in the Concurrent List? If conflict occurs then what happen in the List?
Federalism
DPP-03
[Topic: How is Federalism Practiced?]
Objective Type Questions
1. Match the Following
(i) Official Language of India (a) 1990
(ii) Scheduled language of India (b) 1947
(iii) The boundaries of Indian states were changed. (c) Hindi
(iv) The rise of regional political parties in many states (d) 22
2. Picture/Figure Based Question
Study the picture and answer the question that follows:
Which of the following options best signifies this cartoon?
(a) The ruling party and the opposition party forms the coalition government.
(b) In the coalition government the leader decides every rule.
(c) Coalition government is a new form of government in India.
(d) The leader of the coalition keeps the partners of the government satisfied.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
3. Name the states formed on the basis of its culture, ethnicity and geography.
4. What was the fear in forming linguistic states in India?
5. Why was States Reorganisation Commission formed?
DPP-03
[Topic: How is Federalism Practiced?]
Objective Type Questions
1. Match the Following
(i) Official Language of India (a) 1990
(ii) Scheduled language of India (b) 1947
(iii) The boundaries of Indian states were changed. (c) Hindi
(iv) The rise of regional political parties in many states (d) 22
2. Picture/Figure Based Question
Study the picture and answer the question that follows:
Which of the following options best signifies this cartoon?
(a) The ruling party and the opposition party forms the coalition government.
(b) In the coalition government the leader decides every rule.
(c) Coalition government is a new form of government in India.
(d) The leader of the coalition keeps the partners of the government satisfied.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
3. Name the states formed on the basis of its culture, ethnicity and geography.
4. What was the fear in forming linguistic states in India?
5. Why was States Reorganisation Commission formed?
Short Answer Type Questions
6. Why were the linguistic states created after 1947 ?
7. "India has a large cultural, regional and religious diversity but thereis unity among people".
What factors are responsible for this? Elaborate.
8. Highlight any three steps taken by India towards making it a federation.[CBSE 2015]
9. How has English been added as the second official language of India?
10. What is a coalition government? How did coalition government lead to a new culture of
power sharing?
Long Answer Type Questions
11. What was the language policy of India? Write in detail.
12. Why did the makers of our Constitution declare India to be a 'Union of States' ? Why were
some sub-political units of India given a special status?
6. Why were the linguistic states created after 1947 ?
7. "India has a large cultural, regional and religious diversity but thereis unity among people".
What factors are responsible for this? Elaborate.
8. Highlight any three steps taken by India towards making it a federation.[CBSE 2015]
9. How has English been added as the second official language of India?
10. What is a coalition government? How did coalition government lead to a new culture of
power sharing?
Long Answer Type Questions
11. What was the language policy of India? Write in detail.
12. Why did the makers of our Constitution declare India to be a 'Union of States' ? Why were
some sub-political units of India given a special status?
Federalism
DPP-04
[Topic: Decentralisation in India]
Objective Type Questions
1. Choose the correct answer from the given options. (MCQs)
(i) What was the main objective of the Constitutional amendment made in 1992 in India?
(a) To make the first-tier of the democracy more powerful and effective.
(b) To make the second-tier of the democracy more powerful and effective.
(c) To make the third-tier of the democracy more powerful and effective.
(d) None of these
(ii) The Mayor is the head of
(a) Panchayat
(b) Municipality
(c) Zilla Parishad
(d) Municipal Corporation
2. Assertion-Reason Based Question
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reasons (R).
Read the statement and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): When power is taken away from central and state governmentsand given to local
government, it is called decentralisation.
Reason (R): The basic idea behind decentralisation is that there are a large number of problems
and issues which are best settled at the local level.
Options:
(a) BothAandRare true andRis the correct explanation ofA.
(b) BothAandRaretruebutRis not the correct explanation ofA.
(c)Ais correct butRis wrong.
(d)Ais wrong butRis correct.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
3. What are the other names of Block Samiti?
4. What is decentralisation?
5. Who provides over the meeting of the Municipal Corporation?
6. Which institution has been created in each state of India to conduct Panchayat and Municipal
elections?
DPP-04
[Topic: Decentralisation in India]
Objective Type Questions
1. Choose the correct answer from the given options. (MCQs)
(i) What was the main objective of the Constitutional amendment made in 1992 in India?
(a) To make the first-tier of the democracy more powerful and effective.
(b) To make the second-tier of the democracy more powerful and effective.
(c) To make the third-tier of the democracy more powerful and effective.
(d) None of these
(ii) The Mayor is the head of
(a) Panchayat
(b) Municipality
(c) Zilla Parishad
(d) Municipal Corporation
2. Assertion-Reason Based Question
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reasons (R).
Read the statement and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): When power is taken away from central and state governmentsand given to local
government, it is called decentralisation.
Reason (R): The basic idea behind decentralisation is that there are a large number of problems
and issues which are best settled at the local level.
Options:
(a) BothAandRare true andRis the correct explanation ofA.
(b) BothAandRaretruebutRis not the correct explanation ofA.
(c)Ais correct butRis wrong.
(d)Ais wrong butRis correct.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
3. What are the other names of Block Samiti?
4. What is decentralisation?
5. Who provides over the meeting of the Municipal Corporation?
6. Which institution has been created in each state of India to conduct Panchayat and Municipal
elections?
Short Answer Type Questions
7. Explain the three tiers of Panchayati Raj system or local self-governments.
8. Differentiate between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat.
9. How has the Panchayati Raj strengthened the democracy in India? Expressyour views.
10. Do you take decentralisation as means to minimise the conflicts? Give your viewpoint.
11. Name the local body that looks after village, urban areas and big cities.
12. State the achievements of the Panchayati Raj System.
13. "We are still a long way from realising the ideal of self-government." Explain.
14. State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitution
amendment in 1992.
15. Mention the difficulties faced by local government bodies.
16. Describe any three provisions of amendment made in Indian Constitution in 1992 for making.
'Three-Tier' government more effective and powerful.
17. State any three major steps taken by the Indian Government towards decentralisation in 1992.
18. Evaluate the strengths and limitations of local self-government in a democracy.
Long Answer Type Questions
19. Explain five changes towards decentralisation brought in the Constitution after the Amendments
made in 1992.
OR
Explain any five provisions of the Constitutional Amendment of 1992 that strengthened the third
tier of government in India.
20. Analyse the advantages of decentralisation.
OR
What are the advantages of decentralisation of power?
OR
Explain any five advantages of decentralisation of power.
21. What is the rationale for decentralisation of power? Explain the structure of Rural local
government in India.
OR
What is the basic idea behind decentralisation?
22. What is a Gram Sabha? Describe any four functions of a Gram Sabha.
7. Explain the three tiers of Panchayati Raj system or local self-governments.
8. Differentiate between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat.
9. How has the Panchayati Raj strengthened the democracy in India? Expressyour views.
10. Do you take decentralisation as means to minimise the conflicts? Give your viewpoint.
11. Name the local body that looks after village, urban areas and big cities.
12. State the achievements of the Panchayati Raj System.
13. "We are still a long way from realising the ideal of self-government." Explain.
14. State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitution
amendment in 1992.
15. Mention the difficulties faced by local government bodies.
16. Describe any three provisions of amendment made in Indian Constitution in 1992 for making.
'Three-Tier' government more effective and powerful.
17. State any three major steps taken by the Indian Government towards decentralisation in 1992.
18. Evaluate the strengths and limitations of local self-government in a democracy.
Long Answer Type Questions
19. Explain five changes towards decentralisation brought in the Constitution after the Amendments
made in 1992.
OR
Explain any five provisions of the Constitutional Amendment of 1992 that strengthened the third
tier of government in India.
20. Analyse the advantages of decentralisation.
OR
What are the advantages of decentralisation of power?
OR
Explain any five advantages of decentralisation of power.
21. What is the rationale for decentralisation of power? Explain the structure of Rural local
government in India.
OR
What is the basic idea behind decentralisation?
22. What is a Gram Sabha? Describe any four functions of a Gram Sabha.
23. Explain any five features of Panchayati Raj system in India.
24. Assess the need for local government.
24. Assess the need for local government.
Federalism
What is Federalism?
MCQ
1. Which one of the following countries is the example of 'Holding togetherfederation'?
(a) Australia
(b) India
(c) U.S.A.
(d) Switzerland
(Term-I, 2021-22)
2. Identify the correct feature of Unitary form of government from the following options.
(a) There are two or more levels of government.
(b) Different tiers of government govern the same citizens.
(c) Each tier of government has its own jurisdiction.
(d) The sub-units are subordinate to the central government.
(Term-I, 2021-22)
3. Choose the correct pair among the following:
(Country) (Administration)
(a) Russia - Unitary
(b) China - Federal
(c) Canada - Unitary
(d) Argentina - Federal
(Term-I, 2021-22)
4. Which of the following countries is an example of 'coming together federation'?
(a) United States of America
(b) India
(c) Spain
PYQ
What is Federalism?
MCQ
1. Which one of the following countries is the example of 'Holding togetherfederation'?
(a) Australia
(b) India
(c) U.S.A.
(d) Switzerland
(Term-I, 2021-22)
2. Identify the correct feature of Unitary form of government from the following options.
(a) There are two or more levels of government.
(b) Different tiers of government govern the same citizens.
(c) Each tier of government has its own jurisdiction.
(d) The sub-units are subordinate to the central government.
(Term-I, 2021-22)
3. Choose the correct pair among the following:
(Country) (Administration)
(a) Russia - Unitary
(b) China - Federal
(c) Canada - Unitary
(d) Argentina - Federal
(Term-I, 2021-22)
4. Which of the following countries is an example of 'coming together federation'?
(a) United States of America
(b) India
(c) Spain
PYQ
(d) Belgium
(Term-I, 2021-22)
VSA (1 mark)
5. Rewrite the correct statement:
India, Spain and Belgium are examples of 'Coming Together Federation'.
(2020 C)
6. Rewrite the correct statement:
The Union Government as well as the State Governments can make laws on Statesubjects like forest,
trade unions, marriage, etc.
(2020 C)
7. Mention the dual objectives of federal system of government.
(2016)
8. What do you understand by 'coming together' federations?
(2014)
SA I (3 marks)
9. Describe any three features of 'federal government'.
(2020)
10. Describe any three features of 'unitary government'.
SA II (4 marks)
11. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow :
Language Diversity of India
How many languages do we have in India? The answer depends on how one counts it. The latest
information that we have is from the Census of India held in 2011. This census recorded more than
1300 distinct languages which people mentioned as their mother tongues. These languages were
grouped together under some major languages. For example languages like Bhojpuri, Magadhi,
Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani and many others were grouped together under 'Hindi'. Even
after this grouping, the Census found 121 major languages. Of these 22 languages are now included
in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution and are therefore called'Scheduled Languages'.
Others are called 'Non-Scheduled Languages'. In terms of languages, India is perhaps the most
diverse country in the world.
(Term-I, 2021-22)
VSA (1 mark)
5. Rewrite the correct statement:
India, Spain and Belgium are examples of 'Coming Together Federation'.
(2020 C)
6. Rewrite the correct statement:
The Union Government as well as the State Governments can make laws on Statesubjects like forest,
trade unions, marriage, etc.
(2020 C)
7. Mention the dual objectives of federal system of government.
(2016)
8. What do you understand by 'coming together' federations?
(2014)
SA I (3 marks)
9. Describe any three features of 'federal government'.
(2020)
10. Describe any three features of 'unitary government'.
SA II (4 marks)
11. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow :
Language Diversity of India
How many languages do we have in India? The answer depends on how one counts it. The latest
information that we have is from the Census of India held in 2011. This census recorded more than
1300 distinct languages which people mentioned as their mother tongues. These languages were
grouped together under some major languages. For example languages like Bhojpuri, Magadhi,
Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani and many others were grouped together under 'Hindi'. Even
after this grouping, the Census found 121 major languages. Of these 22 languages are now included
in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution and are therefore called'Scheduled Languages'.
Others are called 'Non-Scheduled Languages'. In terms of languages, India is perhaps the most
diverse country in the world.
(i) Explain the importance of language diversity in India.
(ii) Differentiate between Scheduled and NonScheduled Languages.
(iii) 'The fusion of languages has united the country into one cultural entity, Explain the statement
with an example.
(2023)
12. Describe any three characteristics of distribution of power between the centre and states in India.
(2020)
13. Enumerate the features of federalism.
(2020 C, Al 2019, 2017)
LA (5 marks)
14. Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and
various constituent units of the country. Support the statement in reference of India.
(2020)
15. Highlight three major distinctions between the federations of 'coming together' type and 'holding
together' type.
(2015)
What makes India a Federal Country?
MCQ
16. Match Column-A with Column-B and choose the correct option.
Column-A
(Subjects)
Column-B
(List/Subjects)
I. Defence 1. Concurrent list
II. Police 2. Union List
III. Marriage 3. State List
IV. Computer Software 4. Residency
(ii) Differentiate between Scheduled and NonScheduled Languages.
(iii) 'The fusion of languages has united the country into one cultural entity, Explain the statement
with an example.
(2023)
12. Describe any three characteristics of distribution of power between the centre and states in India.
(2020)
13. Enumerate the features of federalism.
(2020 C, Al 2019, 2017)
LA (5 marks)
14. Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and
various constituent units of the country. Support the statement in reference of India.
(2020)
15. Highlight three major distinctions between the federations of 'coming together' type and 'holding
together' type.
(2015)
What makes India a Federal Country?
MCQ
16. Match Column-A with Column-B and choose the correct option.
Column-A
(Subjects)
Column-B
(List/Subjects)
I. Defence 1. Concurrent list
II. Police 2. Union List
III. Marriage 3. State List
IV. Computer Software 4. Residency
Subjects
IIIIIIIV
(a)43 1 2
(b)34 1 2
(c)41 3 2
(d)23 1 4
(2023)
17. Match the column - A with column - B and choose the correct option :
(2023)
18. Which one of the following subjects is included in the Union list?
(a) Communication
(c) Commerce
(b) Trade
(d) Irrigation
(Term-I, 2021-22)
19. Which one of the following subjects is included in the State list?
(a) Banking
(b) Business
(c) Currency
(d) Communication
(Term-I, 2021-22)
20. Which one of the following subjects is included in the Concurrent List?
(a) Trade
(b) Commerce
IIIIIIIV
(a)43 1 2
(b)34 1 2
(c)41 3 2
(d)23 1 4
(2023)
17. Match the column - A with column - B and choose the correct option :
(2023)
18. Which one of the following subjects is included in the Union list?
(a) Communication
(c) Commerce
(b) Trade
(d) Irrigation
(Term-I, 2021-22)
19. Which one of the following subjects is included in the State list?
(a) Banking
(b) Business
(c) Currency
(d) Communication
(Term-I, 2021-22)
20. Which one of the following subjects is included in the Concurrent List?
(a) Trade
(b) Commerce
(c) Agriculture
(d) Marriage
(Term-I, 2021-22)
21. Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option:
Column I Column II
I. Union List A.
Computer-related
matter
II. State List B. Forest
III. Concurrent List C. Police
IV. Subsidiary Matters D. Defence
(a)IFC, II-D, III-B, IV-A
(b) I-A, II-B, III-C, IV-D
(c) I–D, II–C, III–B, IV–A
(d) I–B, II–A, III–C, IV–D
(Term-I, 2021-22)
VSA (1 mark)
22. List under which both the Union and State Governments can make laws under the federal system in
India.
(2017)
23. In which list of the Indian constitution does education come? Why?
(2015)
24. Which subjects are included in the Union List?
(2014)
SA I (3 marks)
25. Name any two subjects that are included in Concurrent List. How are lawsmade on these subjects?
Explain.
(2019)
(d) Marriage
(Term-I, 2021-22)
21. Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option:
Column I Column II
I. Union List A.
Computer-related
matter
II. State List B. Forest
III. Concurrent List C. Police
IV. Subsidiary Matters D. Defence
(a)IFC, II-D, III-B, IV-A
(b) I-A, II-B, III-C, IV-D
(c) I–D, II–C, III–B, IV–A
(d) I–B, II–A, III–C, IV–D
(Term-I, 2021-22)
VSA (1 mark)
22. List under which both the Union and State Governments can make laws under the federal system in
India.
(2017)
23. In which list of the Indian constitution does education come? Why?
(2015)
24. Which subjects are included in the Union List?
(2014)
SA I (3 marks)
25. Name any two subjects that are included in Concurrent List. How are lawsmade on these subjects?
Explain.
(2019)
26. How is sharing of power between the union and the state government basicof the structure of the
constitution of India? Explain.
(2019)
27. What are the three lists given in the Constitution?
(2014)
How is Federalism Practiced?;Decentralisation in India
MCQ
28. Identify the administrative level of Indian Government with the help of the information given in the
box and choose the correct option:
29. Power shared between Central to Local Government.
30. The State Governments are required to share some powers and revenue withthem.
31. It is called a three tier government.
(a) Dictatorial System
(b) Unitary Federal System
(c) Decentralised System
(d) Imperialistic System
(2023)
VSA (1 mark)
29. Which institution has been created in each State of India to conduct Panchayat and Municipal
elections?
(2020)
30. What is the system of Panchayati Raj?
(2017)
31. How do the central and state governments enjoy their power in federal system?
(2016)
32. Much of the official work in Indian states is done in which language?
(2016)
constitution of India? Explain.
(2019)
27. What are the three lists given in the Constitution?
(2014)
How is Federalism Practiced?;Decentralisation in India
MCQ
28. Identify the administrative level of Indian Government with the help of the information given in the
box and choose the correct option:
29. Power shared between Central to Local Government.
30. The State Governments are required to share some powers and revenue withthem.
31. It is called a three tier government.
(a) Dictatorial System
(b) Unitary Federal System
(c) Decentralised System
(d) Imperialistic System
(2023)
VSA (1 mark)
29. Which institution has been created in each State of India to conduct Panchayat and Municipal
elections?
(2020)
30. What is the system of Panchayati Raj?
(2017)
31. How do the central and state governments enjoy their power in federal system?
(2016)
32. Much of the official work in Indian states is done in which language?
(2016)
33. Which is the highest institution of Panchayati Raj in India?
(2016)
34. What is decentralisation? What is the need for it?
:2016, 2015, 2014;
35. Why was State Reorganisation Commission formed?
(2016)
36. What status has been given to Hindi by the Constitution of India?
(2015)
37. What is the official post for the chairperson of a Municipal Corporation?
(2014)
SA I (3 marks)
38. Describe the rationale behind the implementation of DecentralisationinIndia.
(2020)
OR
Explain the basic idea behind decentralisation of political power in India.
(2019 C)
39. Describe any three steps taken to strengthen the local self-governments, by the Constitutional
Amendment, 1992.
(Al 2019)
OR
Explain the steps taken by the Indian Government in the year 1992 to make thethird-tier of
democracy more powerful.
(2019 C)
40. Explain any five features of Panchayati Raj system in India.
(2016)
41. Explain the factors that make federal government in India so attractive.
(2016)
42. Highlight any three steps taken by India towards making it a federation.
(2016)
34. What is decentralisation? What is the need for it?
:2016, 2015, 2014;
35. Why was State Reorganisation Commission formed?
(2016)
36. What status has been given to Hindi by the Constitution of India?
(2015)
37. What is the official post for the chairperson of a Municipal Corporation?
(2014)
SA I (3 marks)
38. Describe the rationale behind the implementation of DecentralisationinIndia.
(2020)
OR
Explain the basic idea behind decentralisation of political power in India.
(2019 C)
39. Describe any three steps taken to strengthen the local self-governments, by the Constitutional
Amendment, 1992.
(Al 2019)
OR
Explain the steps taken by the Indian Government in the year 1992 to make thethird-tier of
democracy more powerful.
(2019 C)
40. Explain any five features of Panchayati Raj system in India.
(2016)
41. Explain the factors that make federal government in India so attractive.
(2016)
42. Highlight any three steps taken by India towards making it a federation.
(2015)
43. Why has federalism succeeded in India? Which were the policies adoptedby India that ensured this
success? Explain.
(2014)
SA II (4 marks)
44. Read the given extract and answer all questions.
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local government, it is
called decentralization. The basic idea behind decentralization is thatthere are a large number of
problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of
problems in their localities. They alsohave better ideas on where to spendmoney and how to manage
things more efficiently. Besides at the local level it is possible for the people to directly participate in
decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation. Local government is the
best way to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-government.
The need for decentralisation was recognized in our Constitution. Since then, there have been several
attempts to decentralize power to the level of villages and towns. Panchayats in villages and
muncipalities in urban areas were set up in all the States. But these were directly under the control of
State Governments. Elections to these local governments were not held regularly.
(i) Explain Decentralization in democracy.
(ii) Explain the importance of Local self Government in democracy.
(iii) Describe any two steps taken by Indian government for decentralization.
(2023)
LA (5 marks)
45. Describe the nature of the Panchayati Raj System in India.
(2020)
46. Describe the importance of a third-tier of government in a vast countrylike India.
(2019)
47. How has the Panchayati Raj strengthened the democracy in India? Express your views.
(2016)
48. Differentiate between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat.
(2015)
43. Why has federalism succeeded in India? Which were the policies adoptedby India that ensured this
success? Explain.
(2014)
SA II (4 marks)
44. Read the given extract and answer all questions.
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local government, it is
called decentralization. The basic idea behind decentralization is thatthere are a large number of
problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of
problems in their localities. They alsohave better ideas on where to spendmoney and how to manage
things more efficiently. Besides at the local level it is possible for the people to directly participate in
decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation. Local government is the
best way to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-government.
The need for decentralisation was recognized in our Constitution. Since then, there have been several
attempts to decentralize power to the level of villages and towns. Panchayats in villages and
muncipalities in urban areas were set up in all the States. But these were directly under the control of
State Governments. Elections to these local governments were not held regularly.
(i) Explain Decentralization in democracy.
(ii) Explain the importance of Local self Government in democracy.
(iii) Describe any two steps taken by Indian government for decentralization.
(2023)
LA (5 marks)
45. Describe the nature of the Panchayati Raj System in India.
(2020)
46. Describe the importance of a third-tier of government in a vast countrylike India.
(2019)
47. How has the Panchayati Raj strengthened the democracy in India? Express your views.
(2016)
48. Differentiate between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat.
(2015)
49. Do you take decentralisation as means to minimise the conflicts? Give your view point.
(2015)
(2015)
INTRODUCTION AND RECALL FROM PREVIOUS CHAPTER
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
(Practice Sheet)
1 What is federalism?
A. A system with only one level of
government.
B. A system where the central government
has absolute power.
C. A system in which power is divided
between a central authority and
constituent units.
D. A system where provinces or states have
no independent powers.
2 In a unitary system, what is the relationship between the central government and sub-
units?
A. Sub-units are independent of the central
government.
B. Sub-units are subordinate to the central
government.
C. Sub-units have equal power with the
central government.
D. Sub-units have more power than the
central government.
3 What are the key features of federalism, as mentioned in the passage?
A. Single level of government, subordinate
sub-units, unilateral changes to the
constitution.
B. Two or more levels of government, shared
jurisdiction, constitutionally guaranteed
existence.
C. Centralized power, unlimited
government authority, financial
dependence.
D. Unitary system, decentralized governance,
equal powers.
4 What role do courts play in a federal system?
A. Implementing orders from the central
government.
B. Legislatively changing the constitution.
C. Interpreting the constitution and
resolving disputes between levels of
government.
D. Determining the financial autonomy of
sub-units.
5 What are the dual objectives of the federal system, as mentioned in the chapter?
A. Unlimited power and financial
autonomy.
B. Unity of the country and regional diversity.
C. Centralized authority and decentralized
governance.
D. Trust between levels of government and
power concentration.
6 Explain the concept of "coming together federations" and provide examples.
7 Describe the characteristics of "holding together federations" and provide examples.
8 How do federal systems safeguard financial autonomy for each level of government?
9 What role do governments at different levels play in the institutions and practice of
federalism?
10 Differentiate between "coming together federations" and "holding together federations" in
terms of the power relationship between the central government and constituent states.
Page 1
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
(Practice Sheet)
1 What is federalism?
A. A system with only one level of
government.
B. A system where the central government
has absolute power.
C. A system in which power is divided
between a central authority and
constituent units.
D. A system where provinces or states have
no independent powers.
2 In a unitary system, what is the relationship between the central government and sub-
units?
A. Sub-units are independent of the central
government.
B. Sub-units are subordinate to the central
government.
C. Sub-units have equal power with the
central government.
D. Sub-units have more power than the
central government.
3 What are the key features of federalism, as mentioned in the passage?
A. Single level of government, subordinate
sub-units, unilateral changes to the
constitution.
B. Two or more levels of government, shared
jurisdiction, constitutionally guaranteed
existence.
C. Centralized power, unlimited
government authority, financial
dependence.
D. Unitary system, decentralized governance,
equal powers.
4 What role do courts play in a federal system?
A. Implementing orders from the central
government.
B. Legislatively changing the constitution.
C. Interpreting the constitution and
resolving disputes between levels of
government.
D. Determining the financial autonomy of
sub-units.
5 What are the dual objectives of the federal system, as mentioned in the chapter?
A. Unlimited power and financial
autonomy.
B. Unity of the country and regional diversity.
C. Centralized authority and decentralized
governance.
D. Trust between levels of government and
power concentration.
6 Explain the concept of "coming together federations" and provide examples.
7 Describe the characteristics of "holding together federations" and provide examples.
8 How do federal systems safeguard financial autonomy for each level of government?
9 What role do governments at different levels play in the institutions and practice of
federalism?
10 Differentiate between "coming together federations" and "holding together federations" in
terms of the power relationship between the central government and constituent states.
Page 1
WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY?
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
(Practice Sheet)
1 What subjects are included in the Union List in India?
A. Subjects of State and local importance. B. Subjects of common interest to both
Union and State governments.
C. Subjects of national importance. D. Residuary subjects.
2 Who has the authority to make laws on subjects listed in the State List in India?
A. Only the Union Government. B. Only the State Governments.
C. Both the Union and State Governments. D. The Judiciary.
3 What happens if laws made by the Union and State Governments conflict on subjects
listed in the Concurrent List?
A. The law made by the State Government
prevails.
B. The law made by the Union Government
prevails.
C. Both laws coexist D. The judiciary makes the final decision.
4 Which list includes subjects that do not fall into the Union or State List in India?
A. Union List B. State List
C. Concurrent List D. Residuary subjects
5 What role does the judiciary play in overseeing the division of powers in India's federal
structure?
A. Making laws B. Implementing constitutional provisions.
C. Levying taxes D. Overseeing the implementation of
constitutional provisions and procedures.
6 Explain the significance of the Union List in India's federal structure.
7 Describe the unique status of Union Territories in India's federal system.
8 Why do some states in the Indian Union enjoy a special status, and provide an example?
9 Explain the process of changing the power-sharing arrangement in India.
10 What is the role of the judiciary in case of disputes about the division of powers in India's
federal structure?
Page 1
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
(Practice Sheet)
1 What subjects are included in the Union List in India?
A. Subjects of State and local importance. B. Subjects of common interest to both
Union and State governments.
C. Subjects of national importance. D. Residuary subjects.
2 Who has the authority to make laws on subjects listed in the State List in India?
A. Only the Union Government. B. Only the State Governments.
C. Both the Union and State Governments. D. The Judiciary.
3 What happens if laws made by the Union and State Governments conflict on subjects
listed in the Concurrent List?
A. The law made by the State Government
prevails.
B. The law made by the Union Government
prevails.
C. Both laws coexist D. The judiciary makes the final decision.
4 Which list includes subjects that do not fall into the Union or State List in India?
A. Union List B. State List
C. Concurrent List D. Residuary subjects
5 What role does the judiciary play in overseeing the division of powers in India's federal
structure?
A. Making laws B. Implementing constitutional provisions.
C. Levying taxes D. Overseeing the implementation of
constitutional provisions and procedures.
6 Explain the significance of the Union List in India's federal structure.
7 Describe the unique status of Union Territories in India's federal system.
8 Why do some states in the Indian Union enjoy a special status, and provide an example?
9 Explain the process of changing the power-sharing arrangement in India.
10 What is the role of the judiciary in case of disputes about the division of powers in India's
federal structure?
Page 1
HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTISED
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
(Practice Sheet)
1 What was the primary criterion for the creation of linguistic states in India?
A. Cultural differences. B. Ethnicity
C. Geography. D. Language
2 What was the initial response of some national leaders to the creation of linguistic states?
A. Supportive B. Fearful of disintegration
C. Indifferent D. Enthusiastic
3 What was the outcome of the creation of linguistic states in India?
A. Disintegration of the country B. Increased unity and easier administration.
C. Administrative challenges. D. Reduced linguistic diversity.
4 How did the Indian Constitution approach the status of languages in the country?
A. Declared Hindi as the national language. B. Recognized multiple languages as
scheduled languages.
C. Gave preference to English. D. Ignored the language issue
5 What was the response to the use of Hindi for official purposes according to the
Constitution?
A. Continued use without opposition. B. Violent opposition in Tamil Nadu.
C. Support from non-Hindi speaking states. D. Complete acceptance.
6 Explain how the creation of linguistic states contributed to the unity of India.
7 Describe the language policy in India as related to federalism.
8 What was the impact of the rise of regional political parties in the 1990s on Centre-State
relations and federalism in India?
9 How did the flexibility shown by Indian political leaders in language policies help avoid a
situation similar to that in Sri Lanka?
10 Explain the shift in Centre-State relations and federalism in India after the 1990s.
Page 1
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
(Practice Sheet)
1 What was the primary criterion for the creation of linguistic states in India?
A. Cultural differences. B. Ethnicity
C. Geography. D. Language
2 What was the initial response of some national leaders to the creation of linguistic states?
A. Supportive B. Fearful of disintegration
C. Indifferent D. Enthusiastic
3 What was the outcome of the creation of linguistic states in India?
A. Disintegration of the country B. Increased unity and easier administration.
C. Administrative challenges. D. Reduced linguistic diversity.
4 How did the Indian Constitution approach the status of languages in the country?
A. Declared Hindi as the national language. B. Recognized multiple languages as
scheduled languages.
C. Gave preference to English. D. Ignored the language issue
5 What was the response to the use of Hindi for official purposes according to the
Constitution?
A. Continued use without opposition. B. Violent opposition in Tamil Nadu.
C. Support from non-Hindi speaking states. D. Complete acceptance.
6 Explain how the creation of linguistic states contributed to the unity of India.
7 Describe the language policy in India as related to federalism.
8 What was the impact of the rise of regional political parties in the 1990s on Centre-State
relations and federalism in India?
9 How did the flexibility shown by Indian political leaders in language policies help avoid a
situation similar to that in Sri Lanka?
10 Explain the shift in Centre-State relations and federalism in India after the 1990s.
Page 1
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
(Practice Sheet)
1 What is decentralization in the context of governance?
A. Centralizing power at the national level. B. Distributing power to local governments.
C. Concentrating authority in state
governments.
D. Eliminating local government structures.
2 Why is decentralization considered beneficial in governance?
A. It concentrates power in the hands of a
few individuals.
B. Local governments lack knowledge of
local problems.
C. People can directly participate in
decision-making.
D. It undermines democratic participation.
3 When was a major step towards decentralization taken in India?
A. 1950 B. 1969
C. 1973 D. 1992
4 What is constitutionally mandatory after the 1992 Constitutional Amendment (73rd and
74th)?
A. Regular elections to local government
bodies.
B. Direct control of local governments by
state governments.
C. Limited powers and resources for local
governments.
D. No reservation for women in local
government positions.
5 What is the Gram Sabha in the context of rural local government?
A. Executive head of the Gram Panchayat. B. Council consisting of ward members.
C. Body consisting of all adult voters in a
Gram Panchayat.
D. Group of Gram Panchayats in a district.
6 Explain the reasons behind decentralization in India.
7 Describe the structure of rural local government in India, including the Gram Panchayat and
Gram Sabha.
8 What is the significance of the Constitutional Amendment (73rd and 74th) in 1992 for
decentralization in India?
9 Explain the structure of urban local government in India.
10 What challenges does local government face despite increased representation through
elections?
Page 1
FEDERALISM
02
Class 10
th Social Science (Political Science)
(Practice Sheet)
1 What is decentralization in the context of governance?
A. Centralizing power at the national level. B. Distributing power to local governments.
C. Concentrating authority in state
governments.
D. Eliminating local government structures.
2 Why is decentralization considered beneficial in governance?
A. It concentrates power in the hands of a
few individuals.
B. Local governments lack knowledge of
local problems.
C. People can directly participate in
decision-making.
D. It undermines democratic participation.
3 When was a major step towards decentralization taken in India?
A. 1950 B. 1969
C. 1973 D. 1992
4 What is constitutionally mandatory after the 1992 Constitutional Amendment (73rd and
74th)?
A. Regular elections to local government
bodies.
B. Direct control of local governments by
state governments.
C. Limited powers and resources for local
governments.
D. No reservation for women in local
government positions.
5 What is the Gram Sabha in the context of rural local government?
A. Executive head of the Gram Panchayat. B. Council consisting of ward members.
C. Body consisting of all adult voters in a
Gram Panchayat.
D. Group of Gram Panchayats in a district.
6 Explain the reasons behind decentralization in India.
7 Describe the structure of rural local government in India, including the Gram Panchayat and
Gram Sabha.
8 What is the significance of the Constitutional Amendment (73rd and 74th) in 1992 for
decentralization in India?
9 Explain the structure of urban local government in India.
10 What challenges does local government face despite increased representation through
elections?
Page 1
Chapter 2
Federalism
Q.1 Locate the following states on a blank outline political map of India:
Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa.
Ans.: The political map of india with given states is as follows:
NCERT TEXT BOOK SOLUTION
Federalism
Q.1 Locate the following states on a blank outline political map of India:
Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa.
Ans.: The political map of india with given states is as follows:
NCERT TEXT BOOK SOLUTION
Q.2 Identify and Shade three federal countries (Other than India) on a
blank outline political map of the world.
Ans.: Three federal countries other than India are:
Q.3 Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is
similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Ans.: The similarity between Indian and Belgium federalism is that both
have a feature of holding together federation which means in this type of
federal structure states did not have any right to secede from the union.
The difference between Indian and Belgium federalism is that state
government is subordinate to the central government but this is not the
case with the Belgian government. In Belgium, both centre and state
government are of equal status.
blank outline political map of the world.
Ans.: Three federal countries other than India are:
Q.3 Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is
similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Ans.: The similarity between Indian and Belgium federalism is that both
have a feature of holding together federation which means in this type of
federal structure states did not have any right to secede from the union.
The difference between Indian and Belgium federalism is that state
government is subordinate to the central government but this is not the
case with the Belgian government. In Belgium, both centre and state
government are of equal status.
Q.4 What is the main difference between a federal form of government
and a unitary one? Explain with an example.
Ans.: Differences between a federal government and a unitary
government is as follows:
a) In a federal form of government, the central government shares its
powers with the various Constituent units of the country whereas In
unitary form of government either there is only one level of government
or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government
b) In the federal form of government, the central government cannot order
the state government to do something or take any action whereas the
central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local
government
c) Examples of central government are India, USA and Canada
Whereas, examples of unitary government are China, U.K, France
Q.5 State any two differences between the local government before and
after the constitutional amendment in 1992.
Ans.: a) Before the constitutional amendment in 1992 the elections were
not held at a regular interval whereas after the constitutional amendment
the local government bodies elections were made constitutionally
mandatory to be held at regular interval of time
b) Before the constitutional amendment in 1992 the local governments did
not have their own power and resources but after 1992 constitutional
amendment there is sharing of powers and revenues from the state
government to local government bodies
and a unitary one? Explain with an example.
Ans.: Differences between a federal government and a unitary
government is as follows:
a) In a federal form of government, the central government shares its
powers with the various Constituent units of the country whereas In
unitary form of government either there is only one level of government
or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government
b) In the federal form of government, the central government cannot order
the state government to do something or take any action whereas the
central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local
government
c) Examples of central government are India, USA and Canada
Whereas, examples of unitary government are China, U.K, France
Q.5 State any two differences between the local government before and
after the constitutional amendment in 1992.
Ans.: a) Before the constitutional amendment in 1992 the elections were
not held at a regular interval whereas after the constitutional amendment
the local government bodies elections were made constitutionally
mandatory to be held at regular interval of time
b) Before the constitutional amendment in 1992 the local governments did
not have their own power and resources but after 1992 constitutional
amendment there is sharing of powers and revenues from the state
government to local government bodies
Q.6 Fill in the blanks:
Since the United States is a …(a)……. type of federation, all the
constituent states have equal powers and states are ……(b)…….vis –a-
vis the federal government. But India is a ………(c)….. type of federation
and some states have more power than others. In India, the ……(d)…..
government has more powers.
Ans.:
(a) coming together
(b) strong
(c) holding together
(d) Central
Q.7 Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India.
Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions:
Sangeeta : the policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.
Arman : Language-based states have divided us by making everyone
conscious of their language.
Harish : This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of
English over all other languages.
Ans.: From above given all the three reactions Sangeeta’s reaction is best
because of our policy of accomodation the unity in our nation has been
strengthened. There are many other countries in this world like Sri Lanka,
where the language of the majority has been promoted. In our country,
there is equal status given to all the major languages that are being spoken
in various parts of our country.
Since the United States is a …(a)……. type of federation, all the
constituent states have equal powers and states are ……(b)…….vis –a-
vis the federal government. But India is a ………(c)….. type of federation
and some states have more power than others. In India, the ……(d)…..
government has more powers.
Ans.:
(a) coming together
(b) strong
(c) holding together
(d) Central
Q.7 Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India.
Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions:
Sangeeta : the policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.
Arman : Language-based states have divided us by making everyone
conscious of their language.
Harish : This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of
English over all other languages.
Ans.: From above given all the three reactions Sangeeta’s reaction is best
because of our policy of accomodation the unity in our nation has been
strengthened. There are many other countries in this world like Sri Lanka,
where the language of the majority has been promoted. In our country,
there is equal status given to all the major languages that are being spoken
in various parts of our country.
This policy of accommodation not only eliminated the conflicts between
groups but also made the administration easier. Due to this policy of
accommodation there is a larger participation in the government’s
activities by people who speak various languages.
Q.8 The distinguishing features of a federal government is:
(i) National government gives some powers to the provincial
governments.
(ii) Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
(iii) Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
(iv) Governmental power is divided between different levels of
government.
Ans.: We know that, federal government is that form of government in
which the government if formed of three branches legislative, executive
and judiciary and hence the governmental power is divided between these
different levels of government.
Therefore option (iv) is correct
Q.9 A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given
here. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as Provided
in the table below
A. Defence;
B. Police;
C. Agriculture;
D. Education;
E. Banking;
F. Forests;
G. Communications;
H. Trade;
I. Marriages;
groups but also made the administration easier. Due to this policy of
accommodation there is a larger participation in the government’s
activities by people who speak various languages.
Q.8 The distinguishing features of a federal government is:
(i) National government gives some powers to the provincial
governments.
(ii) Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
(iii) Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
(iv) Governmental power is divided between different levels of
government.
Ans.: We know that, federal government is that form of government in
which the government if formed of three branches legislative, executive
and judiciary and hence the governmental power is divided between these
different levels of government.
Therefore option (iv) is correct
Q.9 A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given
here. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as Provided
in the table below
A. Defence;
B. Police;
C. Agriculture;
D. Education;
E. Banking;
F. Forests;
G. Communications;
H. Trade;
I. Marriages;
Ans.:
Following table shows the grouping of subject with their respective lists:
Union List Defence, Banking, Communications
State List Polica, Agriculture, Trade
Concurrent List Education, Forests, Marriages
Q.10 Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in
India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the
subjects mentioned against each Which of the following pairs is not
correctly matched?
a. State government State List
b. Central Government Union List
c. Central & States Government Concurrent List
d. Local Government Residuary Powers
Answer :
The residuary powers of legislation are vested in Parliament. The framers
of the Constitution had placed matters of national concern in the Union
List and those of purely State or local significance in the State List.
Matters that are of common interest to the States and the Union were
placed in the Concurrent List
Hence, option (d) is not correctly matched
Q.11 Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the
codes given below the lists:
List I List II
1. Union of India A. Prime Minister
2. State B. Sarpanch
3. Municipal Corporation C. Governer
4. Gram Panchayat D. Mayor
Following table shows the grouping of subject with their respective lists:
Union List Defence, Banking, Communications
State List Polica, Agriculture, Trade
Concurrent List Education, Forests, Marriages
Q.10 Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in
India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the
subjects mentioned against each Which of the following pairs is not
correctly matched?
a. State government State List
b. Central Government Union List
c. Central & States Government Concurrent List
d. Local Government Residuary Powers
Answer :
The residuary powers of legislation are vested in Parliament. The framers
of the Constitution had placed matters of national concern in the Union
List and those of purely State or local significance in the State List.
Matters that are of common interest to the States and the Union were
placed in the Concurrent List
Hence, option (d) is not correctly matched
Q.11 Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the
codes given below the lists:
List I List II
1. Union of India A. Prime Minister
2. State B. Sarpanch
3. Municipal Corporation C. Governer
4. Gram Panchayat D. Mayor
A. 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C
B. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
C. 1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B
D. 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
Answer :
Correct answers of the above given list are:
This list is matching with the Power of Attorney in specific Area.
Union of India : Prime Minister
State : Governor
Municipal Corporation : Mayor
Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch
Hence, option (c) is correct
Q.12 Consider the following statements:
A) In a federation the powers of the federal and provincial governments
are clearly demarcated.
B) India is a federation because the Power of the Union and the State
Governments are specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive
jurisdiction on their respective subjects.
C) Sri Lanka is a federation because the country is divided into provinces.
D) India is no longer a federation because some powers of the states have
been devolved to the statements given above are correct?
A. A, B and C
B. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
C. 1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B
D. 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
Answer :
Correct answers of the above given list are:
This list is matching with the Power of Attorney in specific Area.
Union of India : Prime Minister
State : Governor
Municipal Corporation : Mayor
Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch
Hence, option (c) is correct
Q.12 Consider the following statements:
A) In a federation the powers of the federal and provincial governments
are clearly demarcated.
B) India is a federation because the Power of the Union and the State
Governments are specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive
jurisdiction on their respective subjects.
C) Sri Lanka is a federation because the country is divided into provinces.
D) India is no longer a federation because some powers of the states have
been devolved to the statements given above are correct?
A. A, B and C
B. A, C and D
C. A and B only
D. B and C only
Ans.: We know that in a federal government is that form of government
in which the government if formed of three branches legislative, executive
and judiciary and powers of federal and provincial governments are
clearly demarcated. Also, in a federal country like India the powers of
state and central are being specified in the constitution. Therefore, the
statement A and B are correct. Hence, option (c) is correct
C. A and B only
D. B and C only
Ans.: We know that in a federal government is that form of government
in which the government if formed of three branches legislative, executive
and judiciary and powers of federal and provincial governments are
clearly demarcated. Also, in a federal country like India the powers of
state and central are being specified in the constitution. Therefore, the
statement A and B are correct. Hence, option (c) is correct
FEDERALISM
D
02
Class 10
thSocial Science (Political Science)
MIND MAPPage 1
D
02
Class 10
thSocial Science (Political Science)
MIND MAPPage 1
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