Class 12 history IMP Personalities.pdffh

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1. Class 12 History MOST Personalities
For Boards

2. Bricks Beads and Bones
1

3. Alexander Cunningham
▪Founded ASI in 1861
▪First DG of ASI
▪Harappan seals reached him in 1870s but he failed to interpret
Dayaram Sahni
▪Excavated Harappa in 1921
RakhalDas Banerjee
▪Excavated Mohenjodaroin 1922
John Marshall
▪Director general of ASI
▪First Professional Archaeologist to work as DG of ASI
▪Announced the discovery of Harappan civilization in 1924

4. S N Roy
▪Author of book “The story of Indian Archaeology”
R E M Wheeler
▪Became DG of ASI in 1944
▪Implemented Stratigraphy in Archaeology
▪Accused Indra for devastation of Harappan civilization

5. Kings Farmers and Towns
2

6. James Prinsep
▪Officer in mint of EIC
▪Deciphered Brahmi and Kharosthi script
Chandragupta Maurya
▪Founded Mauryan empire in 321 BCE
Chanakya
▪Prime Minister of Chandragupta Maurya
▪Author of Arthashastra
Megasthenes
▪Greek Ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya
▪Author of Indica

7. Ashoka
▪Mauryan Emperor
▪Also known as Devnampiyaand Piyadassi
▪First emperor to install inscriptions
Samudragupta
▪Ruler of Gupta Empire
▪PrayagaPrashasti is dedicated to him
Harisena
▪Court poet of Samudragupta
▪Written PrayagaPrashasti
Rudradaman
▪Shaka ruler
▪Repaired Sudarshan Lake

8. Prabhavati Gupta
▪VakatakaQueen
▪Daughter of Chandragupta 2nd from Gupta dynasty
▪Controlled Vakatakakingdom and issued land grants
Banabhatta
▪Court poet of Harshvardhana
▪Author of Harshacharita
Xuan Zang
▪Chinese traveler
▪Visited India during Harshvardhan in 7
th
century

9. Kinship Caste and Class
3

10. V S Sukthankar
▪Sanskrit Scholar
▪Initiated Critical Edition of Mahabharata in 1919
GotamiPutra Satakarni
▪Satavahana ruler
▪Held title of “destroyer of pride of Kshatriya”
▪Entered into marriage alliance with Rudradaman
Dronacharya
▪Guru of Pandavaand Kaurava
▪Refused Ekalavya from teaching archery

11. Dhritarashtra
▪Father of Kauravas
▪King of Hastinapur
▪Married to Gandhari
Hidimba
▪A Rakshasi
▪Wife of Bhima
▪Mother of Ghatotkacha
Fa Xian
▪Chinese traveler who visited India in 5
th
century CE
▪Provided details about Chandal
B BLal
▪Archaeologist
▪Excavation of Hastinapur in Meerut

12. Thinkers Beliefs and Buildings
4

13. Shah Jahan Begum
▪Ruler of Bhopal
▪Preserved Sanchi Stupa
Sultan Jahan Begum
▪Ruler of Bhopal
▪She funded the museum
▪She funded research of John Marshall on Sanchi stupa
John Marshall
▪Published research volumes on Sanchi stupa
▪Dedicated his volumes to Sultan Jahan Begum

14. MakkhaliGosala
▪Founder of Ajivikasect
▪Believed in Fatalism
▪Contemporary of Buddha
Ajith Keshkamblin
▪Belonged to LokayataSect
▪Believed in Materialism
Ajatshatru
▪Ruler of Magadha
▪Contemporary of Buddha, Mahavir Swami, MakkhaliGosala

15. Mahavira Swami
▪Born as Vardhamana
▪24
th
Tirthankar of Jainism
Gautam Buddha
▪Born as Siddartha in Sakya Clan
▪Founder of Buddhism
▪Also known as tathagata
MahaprajapatiGotami
▪Foster mother of Buddha
▪First women to Join Sangha
Ananda
▪Disciple of Buddha
▪Persuaded him to allow women into Sangh

16. Ashoka
▪Mauryan empire
▪An ardent follower of Buddha
▪Order construction of stupas at Sanchi, Bharhut, Sarnath
Colin Mackenzie
▪A British Official
▪Visited Amravati and made drawingsof Stupawhich were never published
Waltor Elliot
▪Commissioner of Guntur
▪Took the sculpture of Amravati to his house
H HCole
▪British official
▪Suggested in-situ preservation for Amravati stupa

17. Through The eyes of travellers
5

18. Al Biruni
▪Traveler from Central Asia (Khwarezm)
▪Visited India in 11
th
century AD
▪Author of Kitab-ul-Hindi
Marco Polo
▪Italian Traveler from Venice
▪Travelled as far as China
Ibn Battuta
▪Travellerfrom Tangier (Morocco)
▪Visited India in 14
th
century
▪Author of Rihala

19. Jean Baptiste Tavernier
▪Traveler from France
▪Visited India 6 times
▪compared India to Iran and the Ottoman empire.
Nicolao Manucci
▪Traveler from Italy
▪He was a doctor
▪He came India and settled here
Francois Bernier
▪Traveler of France
▪Visited India in 17
th
century (1656-68)
▪Author of “Travels in Mogul Empire”.

20. Md Bin Tughlaq
▪Ruler of Delhi
▪Contemporary of Battuta
Montesquieu
▪French Philosopher
▪Proposed the concept of Oriental Despotism
Karl Marx
▪European Philosopher
▪Proposed the idea of Asiatic mode of
Production

21. Bhakti and Sufi Traditions
6

22. Andal
▪Appar female Saint
▪Considered Lord Vishnu as her lover
KariakkalAmmiyar
▪Nayanar female saint
▪Defied the feminine norms
▪Devotee of Lord shiva
▪Followed extreme penance
Robert Redfield
▪He was a sociologist
▪Proposed idea of Great and little tradition

23. Parantaka1
▪Chola Ruler of 10
th
century AD
▪Consecrated images of Appar, Sambandarand Sundararin a Shiva templein 945 AD
Basavanna
▪Founder of Lingayat tradition
▪Rejected temple worship
▪Promoted post puberty marriage and widow remarriage
Abu’l Hasan Al Hujwiri
▪Also known as Data Ganj Baksh
▪Wrote Kashf-ul-Mahjub

24. Shaikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-Shakar
▪Known as Baba Farid
▪His verses are included in Guru Granth Sahib
▪His dargah is located in Ajodhan
Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya
▪A Chishti saint
▪Known as sultan-ul-mashaikh
▪His dargah is located in Delhi
Shaikh Nasiruddin
▪Disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya
▪Also known as Chiragh-i-Dehlavi
▪His tomb is located
Jahanara Begum
▪Daughter of Shah Jahan
▪Author of Munis-Al-Arwah

25. Amir Khusrau
▪Disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya
▪Poet and introducer of Qaul
Sant Kabir
▪A Nirguna saint born in Varanasi
▪His verses are included in Adi Granth sahib
▪Known for his ultabansi
Baba Guru Nanak
▪Founder and first guru of Sikhism
▪Preached Nirguna Bhakti

26. Guru Arjan Dev
▪Fifth Guru of Sikhism
▪Compiled Adi Granth Sahib
Guru Govind Singh
▪10
th
Guru of Sikhism
▪Compiled Guru Granth Sahib
▪Founded Khalsa Panth in 1699
Mirabai
▪Queen of Mewar
▪Devotee of Lord Krishna
▪Disciple of Ravidas
Ravidas
▪His verses are included in Adi
granthSahib
▪Mentor of Mirabai
Shankardeva
▪Vaishnavasaint from Assam
▪Composed Kirtanghosha

27. An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara
7

28. Colin Mackenzie
▪Engineer and Antiquarian
▪First Surveyor General of India
▪Discovered Hampiin 1800
Krishna Deva raya
▪Ruler of Vijayanagar
▪Belonged to Tuluva Dynasty
▪Hold title of “Establisher of Yavana
Kingdom”
▪Written Amuktamalyada
Rama Raya
▪Responsible for Battle of talikota
Abdur Razzaq
▪Persian traveler
▪Gave us details about fortification
Domingo Paes
▪Portuguese Traveler
▪Compared Vijayanagarawith Rome
▪Addressed Vijayanagaraas “the best
provided city in world”

29. Lord Virupaksha
▪Incarnation of Lord Shiva
▪Guardian deity of Vijayanagara

30. Peasants Zamindar and state
8

31. Abu’l Fazl
▪Mughal emperor
▪Banned Tobacco
Jean Baptiste Tavernier
▪French Traveler
▪Gave details about role of Shroffs
Akbar
▪Mughal Emperor
▪Abu’l Fazal was his court historian
▪Tobacco was introduced during his
reign
Jahangir
▪Author of Ain-i-Akbari
▪Court chronicler of Mughal Empire

32. Colonialism and Countryside
9

33. Charles Cornwallis
▪Physician of Wellesley
▪Provides information of agriculture,
minerals and revenue
▪Organized Calcutta-Alipore zoo
Augustus Cleveland
▪Collector of Bhagalpur
▪Launched Policy of Pacification
Sidhu Manjhi
▪Leader of Santhal rebellion
Francois Buchanan
▪Governor General of India
▪Introduced Permanent Settlement
system in 1793
▪Economist
▪His theory influenced Ryotwari
settlement
David Ricardo

34. Rebels and Raj
10

35. Bahadur Shah Zafar
▪Zamindar from Bihar
▪Led revolt from Arrah
Rani Laxmibai
▪Queen of Jhansi
▪Led the revolt from Jhansi
Nana Sahib 2
nd
▪Successor of Bajirao 2
nd
▪Led revolt from Kanpur
Kunwar Singh
▪Mughal emperor
▪Leader of revolt of 1857
▪Wife of Wajid Ali Shah
▪Led revolt from Avadh
Begum Hazarat Mahal

36. Nawab Wajid Ali Shah
▪Governor general of EIC
▪Known for Modernization of British
Army
William Bentick
▪Governor General of EIC
▪Introduced Western Education
Dalhousie
▪Governor general of EIC
▪Annexed Awadh on the basis of
Misgovernance
▪Known for annexation of Indian states
Henry Hardinge
▪Nawab of Avadh
▪Deposed in 1856 by Dalhousie
▪He was exiled to Bengal
▪Governor general of EIC
▪Introduced Subsidiary alliance
Wellesley

37. Mahatma Gandhi and Nationalist
Movement
11

38. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
▪Socialist leader in Congress
▪Engaged in underground activities
during Quit India Movement
Sardar Patel
▪Leader of Congress
▪Led Bardoli Satyagraha
Kamla Devi Chattopadhya
▪Leader of Congress
▪Persuaded Gandhiji to allow
participation of women in civil
disobedience movement
Jayaprakash Narayan
▪Moderate leader in Congress
▪Mentor of Gandhiji
▪Became President of Congress
in 1929
▪Author of excerpt “a bunch of
old letters”.
Jawahar Lal Nehru

39. Framing the Constitution
12

40. Jawahar Lal Nehru
▪First Home Minister of India
▪Member of Advisory Committee
B R Ambedkar
▪Law Minister of India
▪Chairman of DraftingCommittee
Rajendra Prasad
▪President of Constituent Assembly
Sardar Patel
▪First Prime Minister of India
▪Proposed Objective Resolution on 13
Dec 1946
▪Proposed the design of National flag
▪Civil Servant
▪Constitutional Advisor of India
B N Rau

41. B Pockerbahadur
▪Female member of Assembly from
UP
▪Was not in favour of Separate
electorate
Jaipal Singh
▪Member of constituent assembly
▪Represented Tribals
R V Dhulekar
▪Member of Constituent assembly
▪Proposed a plea to make Hindi as
National Language
Begam Aizaz Rasool
▪Leader from Madras
▪Initiated demand for Separate
electoratein Independent India
▪Female member of Assemblyfrom
Bombay
▪Talked about Rights of women
Hansa Mehta

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