Class 6 fundamental of computer and about it

It is about the fundamental of computer.

1. Chapter 1  Fundamentals of Computer

2. What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device  which takes input data from the user , then processes it and returns the required output data. I nput and output data may contain numbers, words, pictures, videos or sounds. A computer can process data at a very high speed without making any mistake and has a huge storage capacity.

3. The five basic functions of a computer are as follows: It receives input data from the user. It processes the given data. It produces an output. It stores the result. It controls all the above operations.

4. A computer comprises two components. These are: Hardware Software Hardware : A   hardware is the physical part of the computer system which we can touch and can see. On the basis of work, these hardware parts are divided into two parts: Input devices Output devices

5. Input Devices : A n input device sends data to a computer for processing, allows the user to interact with the data and control it. Following are some of the important input devices which are used in a computer: Keyboard Mouse Joy Stick Light pen Track Ball Scanner Microphone

6. Keyboard : The keyboard is the main input device for computers. It is used to enter data. It has a similar structure as the conventional typewriter with about 101 keys. The arrangement of keys on the keyboard is known as the layout. The most popular layout is QWERTY. A keyboard contains alphabets keys for A, B, C…Z or a, b, c, …z, numeric keys like 0,1,2,3, …9, function keys F1, F2,…F12 used to perform specific tasks and other keys used for editing data like Delete, Backspace, Home, End, etc.

7. Mouse :  A mouse is an input device used to control the motion of the pointer on a computer screen. A mouse has two or three buttons called Left, Right, and Middle button. Buttons are used to perform different functions like to select an object, opening a program, etc.

8. Joystick : A joystick is a cursor control device. It is used to control the movement of the object on the screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its both lower and upper ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The joystick can be moved in all four directions. It is mainly used in gaming and animation.

9. Light Pen : A light pen is a light-sensitive computer input device similar to a pen. It consists of photocell at one of its ends, while the other end is connected to a computer through a chord. It allows the user to point to displayed objects and modify them and to draw objects on the screen. It is not so popular.

10. Track Ball : A trackball is like an upside-down mouse because the user rotates the ball and the main body part stays still.  The advantage of using trackballs over a mouse is that the trackball is stationary so it does not require much space to use it. A trackball comes in various shapes like a ball, a button and a square.

11. Scanner :   A scanner is a device that scans documents, images and converts them to a digital format which can be further used for editing and display. It is similar to a Xerox machine. It is quick and efficient.

12. Microphone :   A  microphone can be attached to a computer to record sound. A microphone is used to convert human speech into electric signals. Application of a microphone is - adding sound to a presentation or for mixing music.

13. Q1) What is the physical part of the computer system which we can touch and can see? Ans: Hardware Q2) Which input device is used to control the motion of a pointer on a computer screen? Ans: Mouse Q3) ____ is used to convert human speech into an electric signal. Ans: Microphone

14. Output devices :   O utput devices are the devices which are used to display output from the computer. Some of the important output devices are: Monitor Printers Plotter Speakers

15. Monitor: A monitor is the main output device of a computer. It is also called a Visual Display Unit and it is used to display data from the computer. A monitor is used for displaying text, images or video, etc .

16. Printer: A printer is an output device that takes data from a computer and generates output in the form of image/ text on a paper. There are colour printers as well as black and white printers.

17. Plotter:   A plotter is a hardware device similar to a printer. It is used to produce high-quality graphical output on papers such as large drawings, architectural blueprints, etc. It draws pictures on a paper using a pen.

18. Speakers:   Speakers are one of the most common output devices. They are attached to computers for the output of sound. They are used to play audio files from the computer.

19. Q1) ____ are the devices which are used to display output from the computer. Ans: Output Devices Q2) What is also called Visual Display Unit? Ans: Monitor Q3) Which output device produces high-quality graphical output? Ans: Plotter

20. Software: So ftware is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do or how to perform a task. There are two types of software: System Software Application Software

21. System Software: System software is a type of software that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs. System software includes programs like –Operating system, Language translators, etc. Application Software:   Application software is a type of software used for performing tasks requested by the users such as word processing and web browsers.

22. RECAP A computer is an electronic device which takes input data processes it and returns the required output data. A computer comprises two components. These are Hardware and Software. Hardware is the physical part of the computer system. Some Input devices are Keyboard, Mouse, Joy Stick, Light pen, Trackball, Scanner. Some Output devices are Monitor, Printers, Plotter, and Speakers. Software tells a computer what to do or how to perform a task.

23. Q.1 MICR stands for ? a) Magnetic Idle Cassette Recorder b) Magnetic Ink Codes reader c) Magnetic Ink Cases Reader d) Magnetic Ink Character Reader Q.2 In the following given devices which device can perform both the input and output functions ? a) Microphone b) Trackball c) Touch screen d) Joystick

24. Q.3 Which of the following is not an output device ? a) Monitor b) Printer c) Mouse d) Speaker Q.4 VGA stands for ? a) Video Graphics Array b) Visual Graphics Array c) Volatile Graphics Array d) Video Graphics Adapter

25. Q.5 Which of the following is spreadsheet software ? a) MS Excel b) MS Word c) Power Point d) Adobe Acrobat Q.6 DOT MATRIX is a ? a) Scanner b) Operating System c) Software d) Printer

26. Q.7 Which one of the following is an example of Open Source Operating System ? a) Redhat Linux b) Windows 98 c) Windows XP d) DOS Q.8 Which one of the following is an example of optical storage device ? a) CD ROM b) Hard Disk c) RAM d) CPU

27. Q.9 Which of the following is an Antivirus software ? a) Maya b) Kaspersky c) Google d) Outlook Q.10 Which of the following can be used as a search engine to find some data using the internet ? a) MS Access b) Power DVD c) MS Excel d) Bing