CLASS-X GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-6

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
PART-3
MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES

1. MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES PART -3

2. MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES Iron and Steel Industry. Aluminium Smelting. Chemical Industres . Fertiliser Industry. Cement Industry. Automobile Industry. Electronics Industry. 8. Information Technology

3. INTRODUCTION Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral based industries.

4. 1.IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY The iron and steel industry is the basic industry since all the other industries- heavy,medium and light,depend on it for their machinery.

5. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods,construction material,defence,medical,telphonic,scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.

6. PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OF STEEL Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country's development. Iron ore,coking coal and limestone are required in the ratio of approximately 4:2:1 Some quantities of manganese,are also required to harden the steel.

7. COKING COAL Coaking coal is a grade of coal that can be used to produce good quality coke. Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steel making.

8. SLAG IS REMOVED

9. Pig Iron- is an intermediate product of the iron industry,which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.

10. India ranks ninth among the world crude steel producers. It is the largest producer of sponge iron.(is a metalic product through the direct reduction of iron ore in the strong state)

11. MINI STEEL PLANT These are smaller steel plants. These plants use steel scarp and sponge iron for making steel. Have electric furnaces. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT These are larger steel plants. These plants use basic raw maerial for making steel. These plants use blast furnaces. They handles everything in one complex-from raw material to steel making.

12. PUBLIC SECTOR-SAIL PRIVATE SECTOR -TISCO China is the largest producer and consumer of steel

13. Why Chotanagpur plateau has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries? Low cost of iron ore. High grade raw material in proximity. Cheap labour Vast growth potential in the home market

14. IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY(NOT ABLE TO PERFORM FULL POTENTIAL) High costs and limited availability of coking coal. Lower productivity of labour. Irregualr supply of energy. Poor infrastructure.

15. Liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment have given boost to the industry with the effort of private entrepreneurs.

16. ALUMINIUM SMELTING

17. ALUMINIUM - Second most important metallurgical industry in India. It is light,resistant to corrosion A good conductor of heat. Mallable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals USES: Used to manufacture aircraft,utensils and wires. Substitute of steel,copper,zinc and lead in a number of industries.

18. There are 8 aluminium smelting plants in the country. Located in Odisha,(Nalco and Balco) Nalco-National Aluminium Company Limited. Balco-Bharath Aluminium Company Limited. West bengal,Kerlal,Uttar pradesh,Chattisgarh,Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.

19. BAUXITE Ore of aluminium. It is very bulky,dark reddish coloured rock.

20. FACTORS FOR LOCATION OF INDUSTRY Regular supply of electricity An assured source of raw material at minimum cost.

21. 4 to 6 tonnes of bauxite------2 tonnes of alumina-------1 tonne of aluminium

22. PITCH FROM A COLLIERY Black coloured solution obtained after distiliation of the ore.

23. 3.CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES It contributes approximately 3% of the GDP. It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the 12 th place in the world in terms of size. It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units . Organic chemicals and inorganic chemicals.

24. ORGANIC CHEMICALS Includes petrochemicals.used for manufacturing of syntheetic fibres,synthtic rubber,plastics,dye-stuffs,drugs and pharmaceuticals. Organic chemical plants are located near oil refinaries or petrochemical plants.

25. INORGANIC CHEMICALS Include sulphuric acid(used to manufacture fertilisers,synthetic fibres,plastics,adhesives,paints,dyestuffs) nitric acid,alkalies,soda ash(used to make glass,soaps,and detergents,paper) and caustic soda.

26. 4.FERTILISER INDUSTRY Centered around the production of nitrogenous fertilisers (mainly urea), Phosphatic fertilisers and ammonium phosphate(DAP). Complex fertilisers which have a combination of nitrogen(N),phosphate(P), and potash(K).

27. India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilisers. There are 57 fertiliser units manufacturing nitrogenous fertilisers,29 for urea and 9 for producing ammonium sulphate as a by produt. There are 10 public sector undertakings and one in cooperative sector at Hazira in Gujarat under the Fertiliser Corporation of India.

28. 5.CEMENT INDUSTRY-Favourable location Cement is essential for construction activity such as building houses,factories,bridges,roads,airports,dams and others. Requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone,silica,alumina and gypsum. Coal and electric power are needed apart from rail transportation

29. The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in1904. After independence the industry expanded. Decontrol of price and distribution since 1989 led the cement industry to make rapid strides in capacity,process,technology and production There are 128 large plants and 332 mini steel plants. Improvement in quality has found a readily avaialble market in East Asia,Middle East,Afrcia,and South Asia apart from a large demand within the country.

30. 6.AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY Automobile provide vehicle for quick transport of good services and passengers. After the liberalisation,the coming in of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market. Foreign Direct Investment brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global development.

31. Manufacturers of passenger cars and multi utility vehicles ---- 15 Commercial vehicles --- 09 Two and three -wheelers- 14 The industry is located around Delhi,Gurgaon,Mumbai,Pune,Chennai,Kolkata,Lucknow,Bengaluru,Hyderabad. etc

32. ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY Covers a wide rage of products from transistor sets to telivision,telephones,radars,computers. Bengaluru has emerged as the electronic capital of India. Important centres-Mumbai,Delhi,Chennai,Kolkata,Coimbatore.

33. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation. 18 software technology parks provide single window service. 30% of the people employed in this sector are women. Major foreign exchange earner..because of its fast growing Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector. Growth in hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India

34. A Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) organisation is responsible for performing a process or a part of a process of another business organisation; outsourcing is done to save on costs or gain in productivity