Class X Part A Unit 1 communication-II.pdf

Class X Communications Skills

3. Thus communication means sharing of ideas,
information and messages.
It can be defined as
•exchange of facts,
• ideas,
•opinions
•emotions
between two or more persons to create a
common ground of understanding.

4. COMMUNICATION - MEANING
Communication is a dynamic process…
through this process we convey a thought or feeling to someone else.
how it is received depends on a set of events, stimuli, that person is
exposed to.
how you say what you say plays an important role in communication.

5. TOTAL COMMUNICATION PROCESSReading
16%
Writing
9%
Speaking
30%
Listening
45%

6. 5 BASIC REASONS WE DO NOT LISTEN
Listening is Hard Work
Competition
The Rush for Action
Speed differences (120 wpm v/s 360 wpm)
Lack of Training

7. IMPROVING LISTENING SKILLS
By not being Preoccupied
Being Open Minded & Non Defensive
Minimizing Interruptions
Effective Listening is: Hearing, interpreting when necessary,
understanding the message and relating to it.
By Asking Questions

8. COMMUNICATION CYCLE

9. RECAP

10. ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNICATIONCYCLE
Sender
Message
Encoding
Channel
Receiver
Decoding
Feedback

11. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
Communication skills are needed to:
Inform: You may be required to give facts or information to someone.
For example,communicating the timetable of an exam to a friend.
Influence: You may be required to influence or change someone in an
indirect but usuallyimportant way. For example, negotiating with a
shopkeeper to reduce the price or helping a friend to overcome stress
due to exam or any other reason.
Express feelings: Talking about your feelings is a healthy way to express
them. For example, sharing your excitement about doing well in your
exams or sharing your feelings with your parents and friends.

12. FEEDBACK
It is one of the essential factor in the process of
communication cycle.
It is the response or reaction of the receiver to the
sender after perceiving themessage.
Feedbacks are of twotypes;
➢POSITIVE FEEDBACK -It indicates that the
sender can continue his communication in the same
manner as before.
➢NEGATIVE FEEDBACK -It suggests a need for
change in the mode ofcommunication.

13. IMPORTANCE OFFEEDBACK
Basis of Problemsolving
EffectiveListening
CanMotivate
Can improveperformance
Tool for continuedLearning

14. DESCRIPTIVEFEEDBACK
It includes specific information in the form of written
comments or verbal conversations that help the
learner understand what he needstodoin order to
improve.
BENEFITS OF DESCRIPTIVEFEEDBACK
1.Provides useful information to students about their
learning
2.Fills the gap between their present level of
performance and the learninggoal.
3.Enables the students to self assess and set their
goalsaccordingly.

16. BENEFITS OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
SESSION 4
16
1.Reduces Misunderstanding and prevents usfrom
overlookinginformation
2.Effective communication creates a comfortable
environment where people of same/different gender,
religion, feelings and cultural backgrounds can work
together to resolvedifferences
3.Effective Communication initiates different people
to work towards a commongoal
4.Effective Communication skill increases our self
respect and our confidence aswell!
5.It also improves our overall relationship witheach
other

17. THERE ARE THREE BASIC METHODS OF
COMMUNICATION
VerbalCommunication
Non Verbal Communication
VisualCommunication

18. VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication involves the use of words in delivering the intendedmessage.
Words are the most accurate and powerful tools to express and shareideas
There are two primary forms of verbalcommunication.
Written Communication
Mediated (Electronic) Communication

19. SPOKEN OR ORAL
COMMUNICATION
Speeches
 presentations
announcements are all
forms of spoken
communication
casual conversations
between friends.

20. ORAL COMMUNICATION
Saves time in communication.
Flexible and effective for all.
Reliable method of communication.
Help us to express ourselves creatively.
Quick feedback once delivered.
Chance to make it more clearer in case
of doubts while interpreting of words
or ideas.
 It helps us to organize complex ideas
and experiences into meaningful
information.
Emotions are visible and hence
leads to trouble in certain cases.
No legal validity and hence will
lead to problems in certain
situations.
Does not provide permanent
record unless it is recorded with
modern means of storage.
It has issues when communicating
with distant people.
It is difficult for certain people to
understand what someone is
saying due to various speech
tones used.
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES

21. TIPS TO IMPROVE ORALCOMMUNICATION
Read outloud.
Make audio/video recordings of your reading. Take
note of the areas you need to work on
Talk to people in a manner that showsinterest.
Take part in activities which involve publicspeaking.

22. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Advantages of Written Communication
Easy to preserve
Simple presentation of complex matter
Permanent record
Prevents wastage of time and money
Used as a reference
Least possibility of misinterpreting
Disadvantages of Written Communication
Expensive
Time consuming
Useless for illiterate person
Difficult to maintain secrecy
Lack of flexibility
Delays response and decision making

23. NON-VERBALCOMMUNICATION
❑NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION happens in
the absence of any oral or composed words.
❑ Instead of written or oral words, it depends on
different non-verbal prompts like body
movements, gestures, expressions, symbols,
Images, signals charts, and so on to express
sentiments, attitudes or information.
❑Although no words are used, non-verbal
communication can effectively convey
numerous human emotions more accurately
than verbal methods ofcommunication.

24. COMMUNICATION
7% WORDS
Words are only labels and the listeners put their own
interpretation on speakers words
38% PARALINGUISTIC
The way in which something is said - the accent, tone and
voice modulation is important to the listener.
55% BODY LANGUAGE
What a speaker looks like while delivering a message
affects the listener’s understanding most.

26. TYPES OF BODY LANGUAGE
REMEMBER THAT YOU ARE DEALING WITH “PEOPLE”
(P)OSTURES & GESTURES
How do you use hand gestures? Stance?
(E)YE CONTACT
How’s your “Lighthouse”?
(O)RIENTATION
How do you position yourself?
(P)RESENTATION
How do you deliver your message?
(L)OOKS
Are your looks, appearance, dress important?
(E)PRESSIONS OF EMOTION
Are you using facial expressions to express emotion?

27. WHAT IS BODY LANGUAGE?
Body
Language
POSTURE
FACIAL
EXPRESSION
EYE CONTACT
Silent (non‐verbal) messages communicated through the sender's body
movements, facial expressions or paralingual noises.

28. Sitting up straight may
indicate that a person is
focused and paying
attention to what's going on.
Crossed arms might
indicate that a person feels
defensive, selfprotective or
closed‐off.
28
BODY POSTURE

29. 29
BODY POSTURE

30. 30
BODY POSTURE

31. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

32. EYE CONTACT
Reflection of your inner self
Revealing a great deal about what a person is feeling or
thinking
Some common things you may notice include whether
people are making direct eye contact or averting their
gaze, how much they are blinking or if their pupils are
dilated.

33. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
✓It may be an alternative for spoken
message. For example, putting fingers
to lips is a kind of gesture which
indicates a need for silence, a simple
nod is a kind of facial expression which
can suggest ‘yes’.
✓ It is beneficial for specially abled
people (deaf /dumb).
✓The message from the non‐verbal
interaction is received by the recipient
very fast.
✓A long conversation is not possible,
lengthy discussions and necessary details
cannot be done.
✓Difficult to understand, since in this type
of communication where speaker only
uses gestures, facial expressions, eye
contact, touch etc. for communication and
it might become difficult for some people
to understand.
DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

38. VisualCommunication
Any verbal or non-verbal communication utilising the sense of sight is known as Visual
Communication.

39. ADVANTAGES OF VISUALCOMMUNICATION
➢Visual aids like graphs, diagrams, models,
etc., make oral communication more
meaningful
➢Use of visual aids makes complex data easy to
comprehend.
➢Visual aids make the communication more
interesting

41. BARRIERS OFCOMMUNICATION

42. “WHATEVER WORDS WE UTTER SHOULD
BE CHOSEN WITH CARE FOR PEOPLE
WILL HEAR THEM AND BE INFLUENCED
BY THEM FOR GOOD OR ILL.”
BUDDHA

43. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION AND BARRIER ?
Communication is the activity of conveying
meaningful information. It requires a sender, a
message, and an intended recipient.
1
Barrier An obstacle in a place that
prevents us from completing certain tasks.2
Communication barriers can be defined as
the aspects or conditions that interfere with
effective exchange of ideas or thoughts.
3

44. •LANGUAGE BARRIERS
•PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
•PHYSICAL BARRIERS
•ATTITUDINAL BARRIERS
•SEMANTIC BARRIERS
•ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
•CULTURAL BARRIERS
TYPES OF
BARRIER

45. LANGUAGEBARRIERS
•Inabilitytoconverseinalanguage
thatisknownbyboththesender
andreceiveristhegreatest
barrier to effective
communication.
•When a personuses
inappropriatewords while
conversingorwriting,itcouldlead
tomisunderstandingbetweenthe
senderandareceiver.

46. FACTORS CAUSING LANGUAGE BARRIERS
•Multilanguage
•Region
•Inadequate vocabulary
•Interpreting difference

47. HOW TO OVERCOME?
•Speak slowly and clearly.
•Ask forclarification.
•Frequently check forunderstanding.
•Bespecific.
•Choose your medium of communication
effectively.
•Bepatient.

48. PHYSICALBARRIER
•When physical Object
turns to a barrier eg.
Walls, Doors Glass
Partitions
•Some of them are easy to
Alter whereas, some may
prove to be tough
obstacles in the process
of effective

49. FACTORS CAUSING PHYSICAL BARRIER
DistanceDefects in media
Distraction in
environment
Physical disability
Ignorance of medium

50. HOW TOOVERCOME?
To be updated with latest technologies
Choosing a suitable environment.
Removing obstacle.
Making signs easier to read, example, you could
supplement written signs with pictures and visual signs.
Self Motivation.

51. CULTURALBARRIER
•Culturesprovidepeoplewaysofthinking--
waysofseeing,hearing,andinterpretingthe
world.
•Similarwordscanmeandifferentthingsto
peoplefromdifferentcultures,evenwhen
theytalkthe"same"language.

52. FACTORS CAUSING CULTURALBARRIER
•Diversified culturalbackground.
•Language andAccent.
•Behavior and Nature.
•Religion.

53. HOW TO OVERCOME?
•Cross cultureenvironment.
•Haveathoroughknowledgeofyour
counterpart’s culturebackground.
•Conduct effective communicationworkshop.
•Work in groups and run frequentmeeting

54. EMOTIONALBARRIER
•Theemotionalstatemay
capacitytomakeyourself
influence your
understoodand
hamperyourunderstandingofothers.
•Manytimes,emotionalbarriersonyourpartorthe
partofthepersonyouarespeakingwhichmay
inhibityourabilitytocommunicateonaneffective
level.

55. FACTORS CAUSING EMOTIONAL BARRIER
•Fear/insecurity
•Mistrust
•Stress

56. HOW TOOVERCOME
•Motivation and commitment tochange.
•Peer or mentor support.
•Practice expressing recognition.

57. ATTITUDINAL BARRIERS
•Relationships,respect,workplaceauthorityandeducationare
commonwaysmenandwomenarepittedagainsteachother.
•Overcomingbarriersingendercommunicationisn’tsimplebut
canbemadeclearwithalittlepatienceandunderstanding.
•Thisbarrierarisesbecausemenandwomenhavedifferent
waysofthinkingandcommunication.

58. FACTORS CAUSING ATTITUDINAL BARRIERS
•Fear andshy
•Environment
•Misunderstanding

59. HOW TOOVERCOME
•Theprocessofbridgingthegapingender
communicationrequiresthegreatdealof
patienceandunderstandingthatonlytime
andattentionwillteach.

60. ORGANIZATIONALBARRIERS
capabilityoftheemployeesasfaras
•Organizationalstructuregreatlyaffectsthe
the
communicationisconcerned.
•Alltheinternalfactorswhichblocktheprocessof
communicationareknownasorganisational
barriers.
•Somesuchfactorshavealreadybeendiscussedlike
restrictiveenvironments, deceptive
tactics,communicationnetwork.

61. FACTORS CAUSING ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
•Statusrelationship
•One wayflow
•Organizationstructure
•Rules andregulations
•Too many levels in organizationstructure

62. HOW TOOVERCOME?
•Poor structure to thecommunication.
•A weakdelivery.
•The use of the wrong medium to deliver the
communication.
•A mixedmessage.
•The message is delivered to the wrong
audience.
•A distractingenvironment.

63. PERCEPTUALBARRIERS
•Themostcommonproblemisthatthepeople
havedifferenceopinion.
•Thevariedperceptionsofeveryindividualgive
risetoaneedforeffectivecommunication.
•Weallhaveourownpreferences,values,
attitudes,originsandlifeexperiencesthatact
as‘filters’onourexperiencesofpeople,
eventsandinformation.

64. FACTORS CAUSING PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS
•DifferenceinUnderstanding
•Difference in Perception ofReality
•DifferencesinValues,Attitudes andOpinions

65. HOW TOOVERCOME?
•Start by listening toothers.
•Clarify if there isconfusion.
•Stay calm and bepositive.

68. LANGUAGE BARRIER

69. CULTURAL BARRIER

70. EMOTIONAL BARRIER

71. CULTURAL BARRIER

72. PHYSICAL BARRIER

73. ATTITUDINAL BARRIER

74. CONCEPTUAL BARRIER

75. BASIC WRITING SKILLS
(HOME WORK)
Students to learn themselves
Learning Objective: to recap the writing skills developed till class 9
Since students are already well versed with the skills. They will be exploring the below mentioned
links based on phrases and writing skills and will prepare a summary report in Summer vacation .
the Same will be printed and filed in the Lab file.
https://youtube/YbLUN_1YX2
https://youtube.com/watch?v=IuDSRs_lZB
Find out any 10 positive phrases that u will be using in your day to day life.