CLASSICAL AND CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE OF DOOSHI VISHA

CLASSICAL AND CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE OF DOOSHI VISHA.

1. 1
CLASSICAL AND
CONTEMPORARY
RELEVANCE OF
DOOSHI VISHA
Dr. Prerok Regmi
PG Scholar- Agadatantra Department
SDMCAH, UDUPI, KARNATAKA
10
th
January 2018

2. Current Facts and reality
It is found that most of the wheat flour brands in
India are contaminated with pesticides
–All the brands contained Lindane.
–DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin and Ethion also were
found in many samples
(Consume Education Research Centre (CERC), Ahmedabad;
INSIGHT-May-June 2011)
2
More than 90% have never been tested for their effects on human health
& complete toxicity data are available for only 7% of them. Even
though government agencies are aware of the health hazards of some
ingredients they are still allowed in personal care products.

3. Use of insecticides and herbicides
increase Parkinson’s disease.
(Indian council of medical
research- 2008)
Intensive pesticide use may be risk for
impaired mental development.(2009)

3

4. CONTENTS
Summary of classical context of Dooshi visha
Contemporary relevance of dooshi visha
Comparison
Conclusion
4

5. Nirukti
•“ & ”
– Impulse/ Processing property to
vitiate/Which pollutes
many times
5

6. Definition
“”
(Chakrapani)
Visham, that gets vitiated after a long time
6

7. Which poison ?
…
… //”
(Su.Ka 2/25)
Sthavara, jangama, kritrima,or any type of poison
shall attain a state Dooshivisha
7

8. how?

…”
(Su.Ka.2/25)
Poison which is old or attenuated by antipoisonous remedies
or dried in fire, wind and the sun or natural deficient in
properties attain the nature of dusivisa.
8

9. Why?
“…”
(Su.Ka.2/26)
Because of the low potency, stays in the body
for long duration due to avarana by Kapha
9

10. Factors aggravating 10
•Vulnerable habitat (Dooshita Desha)
deranged
•Seasons (Kala)
•Toxic food (Anna) and
•Daytime sleep (Diwaswapna)

11. 11

12. Naturally less potent
Exposure to heat,
flame,fire, vata,
sunlight etc.
Loose it’s
original gunas &
gets converted in to
low potency
Incomplete
metabolism
of poison
Partially detoxified
Not completely
eliminated from
the body
Poison
12

13. Addition
•Dooshivisha is not a type of visha but it
is a transformational state of visha
•Due to apaki quality of visha it neither
get digested nor eliminated but stays
in the body for long duration, being
avrita by kapha
13

14. •In poisonous bite cases, if visha is not
relieved by potent vishaghna dravyas,
it will proceed from area of bite to
further dhatus & become Dooshivisha.
•Various rogaaana oushadhas, if remained
in the body for a longer duration can
turn to Dooshivisha. (K.Kaumudi)
14

15. •The defective food habits (adhyashana,
virudhashana & ajeernaashana) can lead
to Dooshivisha. (K.Kaumudi)
•The retention of metabolic waste
products (faecus, urine & menstrual
blood) in the body will cause
reabsorbtion of toxins into blood
stream leading to Dooshivisha.
(K.Kaumudi)
15

16. How to Diagnose?
16

17. : (Su.Ka 2/29)
17
•Excessive sleep
•Heaviness
•Yawning
•Laxity of joints
•Horripilation
•Body ache

18. •Aamashaya - Kapha vata vyadhi
•Pakvashaya - Vata pitta vyadhi
•Dhatu prabhava vikaras
“…. //”
(Su.Ka.2/32)
- Produces respective disorder of various types
18

19. - , , , , ,,
- ,
19
•Dysentery or diarrhoea,
•Complexion – altered, mouth - emit foul smell,
•Olfactory and gustatory senses – impaired,
•Suffer from unquenchable thirst,
•Slurring and broken speech,
•Vomiting,
•Sorrow,
•Sudden bouts of unconsciousness,
•Symptoms of ascitis

20. 20

21. 21
- ,
- ,, ,, ,
-
-

22. :
PATHOLOGY
22

23. 









23

24. “: ” (C.C 23/31)
–Raktadusti
–Kitibha
–Kota
24

25. Contemporary
25

26. 26
MODERN ASPECT CORRELATION
1.Allergy or Hypersensitivity
2.Cumulative Toxicity
3.Delayed Toxicity
4.Drug interaction
5.Intolerance
6.Carcinogenicity and Mutagenecity
7.Free radicals
8.Acute toxicity
9.Subchronic Toxicity
10.Chronic Toxicity

27. Oxidative Stress
Cosmetic toxicity
Environment toxicity
Cumulative toxicity
27

28. CAUSES
•Incompatable foods
•Agricultural pollution
•Environmental pollution
•Drugs and narcotics increasing
alarmingly
28

29. INCOMPATABLE FOODS
Junk foods
Milk shakes
Chicken with curd
Fish with milk etc…..
29

30. Agricultural Pollution
Pesticides
•Herbicides
•Fungicides
•Insecticides
•Rodenticides
•Synthetic pesticides
30

31. Environmental PollutionsEnvironmental Pollutions
Pollution of AIR
WATER
SOIL

31

32. Air Pollutants
•Gaseous pollutants
•Pesticides
•Carcinogens
•Radioactive pollutants
•Biological contaminants
32

33. WATER POLLUTION
1.Inorganic Pollutants and Toxic metals
2.Organic pollutants
3.Synthetic Detergents
4.Oxygen Demanding Wastes
5.Biological Pollutants
6.Pesticides
7.Agricultural Pollutants
8.Suspended Matter
33

34. SOIL POLLUTION
Non biodegradable – plastic wastes
synthetic
wastes
biomedical waste
E- waste
Heavy metal pollution
Pesticide pollution
34

35. •Alcohol, tobacco etc.
•Drugs like quinine, NSAIDs,
steroids etc.
•Pesticides, metals, minerals,
pollutants etc.
•Drugs using for a long period for
HTN,DM,Despirine,
phenobarbitone.
DRUGS AND NARCOTICS
35

36. 36
Detrimental effects of free reactive oxygen species (ROS).
All unstable metabolites of molecular oxygen that have high
reactivity than oxygen (superoxide radical [O2 °] etc. and
non- radical molecules like H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) tend
to aggravate due to stress causing health risks.
OXIDATIVE STRESS

37. 37
Similarity of Conditions caused by Dushivisha &
Conditions caused by Oxidative Stress
1. Mandala-Kotha -- Skin manifestations(Dermatitis, psoriasis)
3. Padkarasaya-shofam -- Inflammatory changes
4. Dakodar -- Liver disorders
5. Chardimatatisaram -- GI disturbances
6. Visamjwara -- Pyrexia
7. KshapyetChaSukram -- Male infertility
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38. 38
- Skin care creams & lotions:
talc; silica & alumina all are respiratory irritants.
Aluminium salt- nervous system ethanolamine (TEA)- cancer causing nitrosamines.
Parabens
LOTIONS:
Mineral oils & petrolatum, both petroleum product- carcinogenic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS), Propylene glycol is a recognised neurotoxin
SUNS-CREEN
Cinnamates, salicylates, zinc oxide- allergic reactions & irritation of eyes
BODY POWDER
Sanitary napkins - risk of ovarian cancer
CLEANSERS & BODY WASHES
foam creating chemicals include sodium laurel sulphate, ammonium laurel sulphate & myreth sulphate - skin
irritants & may be contaminated 1, 4 dioxane a probable carcinogen.
DEODORANTS & ANTIPERSPIRANTS:
antiperspirants contain aluminium compounds such as aluminium- trichlorohydrex gly- nervous system.
SHAMPOO:
sodium lauryl sulphate & sodium laureate sulphate- carcinogens
COSMETIC TOXICITY

39. Resultant effect of toxins
Body has to handle excess load
Over work leads to imperfect elimination
Unacceptable toxin level in circulation
Organs specified for the elimination of toxins get over burdened
Poisons retained in the body
Dhathudushti & Dushi visha
39

40. poisons Enter body
Secondary factors
Remain in the body
Conjugated
metabolism
40

41. HYPERSENSITIVITY
•It is the excessive or altered reaction of
the body to a specific substance
which has been previously exposed.
•Usually antibodies have protective
functions against infections but in
hypersensitivity, Ag/Ab complexes
cause injury to tissue cells.
41

42. Hypersensitivity Reactions
Type I - Urticarial reactions ,
laryngeal oedema
Type II - Transfusion reaction.
Type III - Renal glomeruli,skin(Dermatitis)
Type IV –Contact dermatitis
42

43. CLINICALLY
•Asthma - Eczema syndrome
•Urticaria
•Scleroderma
•Skin diseases
•Allergic manifestations
•Auto immune diseases
43

44. Arsenic lesions extreme
44

45. 45

46. PATHOLOGICALLY
•Immunoglobulin will be raised
•ESR will be High
•Lymphocytes increased
•LFT defected
46

47. 47
A small part in broad concept
of DV.
According to Taber’s medical
dictionary, cumulative poisons
are those which increase their
action by successive addition
because of not being immediately
eliminated from the body, e.g.,
preparation containing lead,
silver, mercury etc.
Cumulative Toxicity

48. 48
Cumulative toxicity, the poisons produce
their respective symptoms

49. 49
DV is due to cumulative effects of frail poison which
vitiates the Dhatus, but CT is a condition which is
due to accumulation of miniscule doses of poison in
the system
CT, the poison targets the specific organ and causes
symptoms of toxicity accordingly. On the other hand, DV is
sluggish toxic substance which pollutes every Dhatu over
matter of time, and whichever system or Dhatu gets more
affected shows related defects or symptoms
CT but it cannot be the coin term for DV
Conditions arise due to toxic substances
accumulating
Similarity: conditions arise due to toxic substances accumulating

50. 50
1. Gastro-Intestinal - Nausea, Vomiting, Stomach Cramp, Diarrhea, loss of Appetite.
2. Central Nervous System- Exhaustion, Dizziness, Headache, Muscle Weakness, Muscle
Cramp, Tremor, Seizure. A study shows positive for increase in one or more neurologic
abnormalities with pesticide exposure.
3. Skin- Dermatologic effects found 7/10 studies positive for dermatitis with pesticide
exposure. Pesticides are reported to cause irritant dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis,
and other skin conditions, including photodermatitis, porphyria cutanea tarda, and chloracne.
4. Reproductive System- Study shows Birth defects, early pregnancy, infertility, altered
growth, fetal death
5. Genotoxicity- study shows increased chromosome aberrations with pesticide exposure
6. Heamatotoxicity- Significant associations were also found for hemoglobin, hematocrit,
RBC, WBC and platelet count due to pesticide exposure.[32]
Clinical Feature of Bioaccumulation &
Cumulative Toxicity of Pesticide.

51. 51
Treatment modality

52. Svedana
Sodhana - Vamana or Virechana
Samana – Antitoxic drugs
Doosheevishari agada
Patola katurohinyadi kashaya
Kalyanaka ghritham
Vilwadi agada
52

53. 53

54. SÕwÉÏÌuÉwÉÉËU
AaÉS
Pippali - Piper longum
Dhyamaka - Sympopogon martini
Mamsi - Nardostachys jatamansi
Lodhram - Symplocos recemosa
Ela - Eletteria cardamom
Suvarchika - Potassium carbonate
Kutannata - Oroxylum indicum
Natham - Valeriana vallichii
Kushtam - Saussurea lappa
Yashti - Glycirrhyza glabra
Chandana - Santalum album
Gairika - Ferrum haematite
54

55. 55

56. 56
CUMULATIVE TOXICITY
A patient afflicted with the cumulative poisons should be first
take careful history & then proper clinical examination we
manage it using principles of Ayurveda i.e. Nidana
Parivarjan / Preventive measure , Bio-purification & using
supplementary medication in form of Agad as mention in our
classical text.
Bio purification treatment can successfully eliminate
environmentally toxic substances such as polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB՚s) and pesticides from the body, without
damaging side effects14.
MODE OF TREATMENT

57. 57
Dushi Visa
Pachakarma
(Biopurification)
Cumulative toxicity
(Bioaccumulative
toxicity)

58. 58
· To highlight on the toxic effects on human body
in front of
society.
Present Context Importance
· To educate the people regarding the
preventive measure of toxic effects on
human body.

59. 59STUDY OF DUSHI VISH WITH RESPECT
TO ANIMATE POISONS:
STUDY OF DUSHI VISH WITH RESPECT
TO ANIMATE POISONS:
STUDY OF DUSHI VISH WITH RESPECT
TO ARTIFICIAL POISONS:
Occupational Hazards and
Agricultural Poisons
Agricultural poisons-

60. 60
1.Pradeep Patil, Patil KS, Hande Sudarshan, Pawar Vinay, Mujumdar Amit, Mhatre
Ashish. Conceptual Study of Dooshivisha (Cumulative toxicity) w.r.t. Ancient
classics and Modern science. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2016;3:144-150.
http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.v1i3.4431.
2.Mishra Awadh Kishor, Sharma Anita, Porte Sharad M., Khatik Rohit.
Cumulative Poisons & its Management with Special Reference to Dushi
Visha. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research.
2016;4(3):42-44.
3.BHARDWAJ, Sachin. UNDERSTANDING CUMULATIVE TOXICITY IN
LIGHT OF DUSHIVISHAA LITERARY STUDY. Int. Jour. of Ayurveda &
Alternative Med., [S.l.], v. 3, n. 2, p. 96-100, may. 2015. ISSN 2348-0173.
Available at: <
http://pmindexing.com/journals/index.php/IJAAM/article/view/710>. Date
accessed: 09 Jan. 2018.
4.Ashish B. Goswami et. al., Dushi Visha and Oxidative Stress- A
Correlation, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015; 3(1):1-5
5.Usturage Revenshidh R.Pawade Uday V.Supugade Vikram V.CRITICAL
REVIEW OF COSMETIC TOXICITY W.S.R. DUSHI VISH.International
Ayurvedic Medical Journal.
REFERENCE

61. 61
6. Shrirao Pallavi Sureshrao 1 , Upadhyay Rajesh. CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF
“DUSHIVISHA” W S R TO BRUHATRAYEE. international Ayurvedic Medical Journal
ISSN:2320 5091
7. Monika Sharma and Sharad Maroti Porte and Sandeep Lahenge. CRITICAL
REVIEW OF AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF CUMULATIVE TOXICITY OF
PESTICIDES W.S.R. TO DUSHEE VISHA.WORLD JOURNAL OF
PHARMACEUTICALAND MEDICAL RESEARCH.2016,2(5), 95-101.
8. Dr. Nilesh K. Nemade and Dr. Amit R. Nampalliwar. ROLE OF AYURVEDIC
PANCHAKARMA (DETOXIFICATION) THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DUSHI
VISHA W.S.R. TO
9. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES. Volume 4,Issue 06,, 798-805.
Parvesh Kumar,Munish Kumar.Concept of ‘DushiVisha’- Significance in Current
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REFERENCE TO INANIMATE, ANIMATE & ARTIFICIAL POISONS. International
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The toxicity is nothing but the degree which a
substance can harm human beings or animals.
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