Classification and description of consonants.ppt

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1. CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF CONSONANTS

2. CONSONANTS CONSONANTS are sounds produced with an egressive flow of air coming out of the mouth or the nose accompanied by obstruction or friction in the articulators.

3. ARTICULATING ORGANS

4. 24 Consonants in English / p/ / b/ / t/ / d/ / k/ / g / /f/ /v/ /Ɵ/ /ð/ /s/ / z /

5. /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /m/ /n/ /Ƞ/ / t ʃ / / dʒ / /j/ /w/ /h/ /r/ /l/

6. Consonants can be classified on the basis of Air stream mechanism State of glottis The position of the soft palate Points of articulation The manner of articulation

7. The position of the soft palate Oral sounds /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /Ɵ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /h/ / t ʃ / /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ / dʒ / /j/ /w/ /r/ /l/ Nasal sounds /m/ /n/ /Ƞ/

8. Points of Articulation Bilabial made with the two lips (/p/, /b/,/w/ /m/). Labiodental the lower lip articulates with the upper teeth (/f/, /v/).

9. Dental the tongue tip articulate with the upper teeth ( /Ɵ/ , /ð /) Alveolar the tongue tip and/or blade articulates with the alveolar ridge (/t, d, n, l, s, z/).

10. Post-alveolar the blade articulates with the alveolar ridge (/r/) Palato -alveolar The tip ,blade, and front of the tongue articulates with the hard palate (/ ʃ ʒ t ʃ dʒ / )

11. Palatal the front (or blade) of the tongue articulates with the hard palate (/j/). Velar the back of the tongue articulates with the soft palate (/k g Ƞ /).

12. Glottal sounds involving an obstruction or narrowing of the glottis (/h/)

13. Manner of Articulation Plosives A complete closure at some point in the vocal tract, behind which the air pressure builds up and can be released with a sudden burst ( plosion ) /p, b, t, d, k, g/.

14. Affricates Affricates are consonants articulated with a stricture of firm closure of mouth followed by a slow release. / t ʃ / / dʒ /

15. Fricatives Fricatives are produced with a stricture almost approximation. / f, v, Ɵ, ð, h, z, s/

16. Frictionless continuent These are sounds produced with an open approximation /r/

17. Semi Vowels These are also consonants articulated with an open approximation. They are vowel like in quality and function like consonants. /j/ & /w/

18. Description of English Consonants / p/ - voiceless bilabial plosive / b/ - voiced bilabial plosive / t/ - voiceless alveolar plosive / d/ - voiced alveolar plosive

19. / k/ - voiceless velar plosive / g / - voiced velar plosive /f/ - voiceless labio -dental fricative /v/ - voiced labio -dental fricative /Ɵ/ - voiceless dental fricative /ð/ - voiced dental fricative

20. /s/ - voiceless alveolar fricative /z/ - voiced alveolar fricative / ʃ / - voiceless palato – alveolar fricative / ʒ / - voiced palato -alveolar fricative /h/ - voiceless glottal fricative / t ʃ / - voiceless palato -alveolar affricate

21. / dʒ / - voiced palato -alveolar affricate /m/ - voiced bi-labial nasal /n/ - voiced alveolar nasal /Ƞ/ - voiced velar nasal /j/ - voiced palatal semi-vowel /w/ - voiced bi-labial semi-vowel

22. /r / - voiced post-alveolar frictionless continuent /l/ -voiced alveolar lateral

23. HARIKRISHNA S H ENGLISH OPTIONAL KUCTE KOLLAM