Classification of anthelmintics

pharmacology and parasitology

1. Anthelmintic Drugs ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE

2. Introduction Anthelmintics  or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic  drugs  that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host.  They may also be called  vermifuges  (those that stun) or  vermicides  (those that kill). Anthelmintics are used to treat people who are infected by helminths, a condition called helminthiasis. These drugs are also used to treat infected animals. 17-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 2

3. Introduction  The drugs of choice for soil-transmitted helminths are mebendazole and albendazole; for schistosomiasis and tapeworms it is praziquantel. Mainly classified as Broad Spectrum and Narrow Spectrum. They kill worms and parasite by different mechanism. There are many side effects and contraindications with many drugs. 17-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 3

4. Classification Broad Spectrum Benzimidazoles and probenzimidazoles Imidazothiazoles Tetrahydropyrimidines Avermectins/milbemycins Narrow Spectrum Salicylanilides and substituted phenols Piperazines Organophosphates Arsenicals 17-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 4

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6. Broad Spectrum 1.Benzimidazoles and Probenzimidazoles Albendazole, Flubendazole Mebendazole, Oxibendazole Fenbendazole, Cambendazole Thiabendazole Triclabendazole Oxfendazole Febantel, Netobimin, Thiophanate-Probenzimidazoles 17-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 6

7. Broad Spectrum 2.Imidazothiazoles Tetramisole, Levamisole 3. Tetrahydropyrimidines Pyrantel, Morantel 4. Avermectins and Milbemycins Avermectins-Abamectin, Doramectin, Eprinomectin, Ivermectin Milbemycin-Moxidectin, Selamectin, Milbemycin Oxime 17-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 7

8. Narrow Spectrum 1. Salicylanilides and Substituted phenols Bromsalans, Clioxanide, Oxyclozanide Brotianide, Niclosamide, Rafoxanide, Closantel Substituted Phenols- Nitroxynil, Disophenol, Bithionol, Hexachlorophene, Niclofolan, Dichlorophen 17-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 8

9. Narrow Spectrum 2.Piperazines Piperazine and Diethyl Carbamazine 3.Organophosphates Coumaphos, Haloxon, Trichlorophon, Dichlorvos 4.Arsenicals Thiocetarsamide, Melarsomine dihydrochloride 17-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 9

10. Narrow Spectrum 5. Other Drugs Phenothiazine Epsiprantel Praziquantel Nitroscanate Emodepside 17-09-2020 ABHIJITH SP CVAS POOKODE 10

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