Classification of Automobiles

Classification of Automobiles based on different parameters is pointwise listed in this presentation.

1. CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOMOBILES

2. Vehicle type

3. Based on use Mopeds Motor cycles, scooters Cars, Jeeps Buses and trucks

4. Based on capacity Heavy transport vehicles (H.T.V) Light transport vehicles (L.T.V) Light motor vehicle ( L.M.V)

5. Based on fuel used Petrol vehicles Diesel vehicles Electric vehicle Steam vehicle Gas vehicle

6. Based on body style Closed cars Open cars like sports car, convertible car etc . Special styles such as estate car, station wagon etc.

7. Based on wheels Two wheelers Three wheelers Four wheelers Six wheelers

8. Based on drive Whether the vehicle can be driven sitting towards right or left side A) Left hand driven e.g., American vehicles for use in USA. B) Right hand drive e.g., Indian vehicles Whether the front axle, rear or both axle are driving axles. A) Front wheel drive, e.g., Volkswagen car, Maruti car. B) Rear wheel drive : Premier, Ambassador cars C) All wheel drive : jeeps.

9. Based on transmission Manual Semi-automatic Fully automatic Continuously variable Automated manual

10. Based on Position of Engine Engine in Front Engine in the Rear Side Very few vehicles have engine located in the rear. E.g., Nano car.

11. ENGINE TYPES

12. BASED ON Application Automotive engines Locomotive engines Aircraft engines Marine engines Stationary engines Power Generation Home Use: ( i ) Lawnmowers (ii ) Snow blowers (iii ) Tools Others

13. BASED ON Engine Design Reciprocating A) Single cylinder B) Multi cylinder Rotary A) Single rotor B) Multi rotor

14. BASED ON Operating Cycle Otto cycle engine (For the Conventional SI Engine) Atkinson cycle engine (For Complete Expansion SI Engine) Miller cycle engine (For Early or Late Inlet Valve Closing type SI Engine) Diesel cycle engine ( For the Ideal Diesel Engine) Dual cycle engine ( For the Actual Diesel Engine)

15. BASED ON NUMBER OF STROKES Four Stroke Engine Two Stroke Engine

16. BASED ON Valve Location The T-head engines The L-head engines The F-head engines The I-head engines

17. F Head (1971 Jeep )

18. BASED ON Valve/Port Design Poppet Valve Rotary Valve Reed Valve Piston Controlled Porting

19. BASED ON Fuel USED Engines using volatile liquid fuels like gasoline, kerosene, benzene etc. Engines using gasoline fuels like natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), blast furnace gas and bio gas. Engine using solid fuels like charcoal, powdered coal etc. Engines using viscous (low volatility at normal atmospheric temperature) liquid fuels like heavy and light diesel oils. Engines using two fuels (dual-fuel engines)

20. BASED ON Mixture Preparation Carburetion – perhaps soon to be obsolete . Fuel Injection into intake port or manifold (MPFI, SPFI) Fuel injection into engine cylinders (DI)

21. BASED ON Ignition Spark Ignition - homogeneous charge a) Battery b) Magneto Compression Ignition – heterogeneous charge

22. BASED ON Combustion Chamber Design 1. Open Chamber 2 . Divided Chamber

23. Based on arrangement of cylinders Inline engine Opposed engine Radial engine V yype engine X type engine W type engine H type engine Delta type engine

24. Opposed cylinder engine

25. In-line engine

26. V type engine

27. Radial engine

28. X type engine

29. W type engine

30. Delta type engine

31. H type engine

32. BASED ON Cooling Air cooling: air is circulated over cooling fins cast into the outside of cylinders and cylinder heads. Liquid cooling: has cavities in the block and head castings called water jackets a) Water pump pumps coolant through the system b) Coolant mixture is designed to prevent rust and electrolysis: 50% water and 50% anti-freeze .

33. BASED ON Number of Cylinders Single cylinder engines Multi cylinder engines

34. BASED ON SPEED OF ENGINE Low speed engines (< 350 rpm) Medium speed engines ( 350 – 1000 rpm ) High speed engines ( >1000 rpm )

35. BASED ON Type of aspiration Naturally aspirated engine – admission of air or fuel air mixture at ear atmospheric pressure. Forced induction engines (Turbo or Supercharger ) – admission of air or fuel air mixture at under pressure.

36. BASED ON METHOD OF GOVERNING Quality governing (mostly diesel engines) Quantity governing (mostly petrol engines) Combination governing

37. REFERENCE This ppt was created for a class presentation while I was pursuing B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering. All images were got from google images search. While using these images in any literature please trace back the original author and credit them. The information shared in this presentation may contain a few copyright materials. It was shared only for the educational purpose. For any commercial/non-commercial purpose please trace back and credit the original author.

38. Thank you