Classification of cast iron

Composition and using of cast iron

1. Cast Iron Classification, Composition, Properties and Uses of Cast Iron

2. Introduction Presented by: Ali Ahssan Roll no. 8630 M. Aqib Roll no. 8607 Nafees Ahmad Roll no. 8642 M. Furqan Roll no. 8633 Faisal Shahzad Roll no. 8619 Presented to Engr. Adeel Government College University Of Fasilabad ( Sahiwal Sub-Campus)

3. Content Cast Iron Classification of the Cast Iron Alloy Cast Iron Mottled Cast Iron White Cast Iron Malleable Cast Ductile Cast Iron

4. Cast Iron The product of the blast furnace i.e. pig iron is unsuitable for casting as it contains impurities in high percentage. To render it suitable for desire purpose it is refined in the furnace known as cupola. The refined product is termed as cast iron. Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content greater than 2%. It is made by re-melting pig iron. Engineering Material by R. K. Rajput

5. Classification of Cast Iron Cast iron maybe classified as follows : Grey cast iron White cast iron Mottled cast iron Nodular cast iron Malleable cast iron Alloy cast iron Engineering Material by R. K. Rajput

6. Alloy Cast Iron The cast iron is supposed to be very hard, brittle, lacking in tensile and transverse strength and weak to withstand shocks it is alloyed with other metals to improve its properties. Amongst the alloying metals, nickel is predominating alloying constituent whose addition to the extent of 0.5% to 1.5% avoids the tendency of chilling or hard spots. Engineering Material by R. K. Rajput http://www.vertix.co/alloy-cast-iron-en/

7. Composition of Alloy Cast Iron Alloy cast iron fall into two groups: those that contain graphite and those that don’t, and both are designated “white” irons. These are detailed in the below table. As with steels, any of these alloys containing oxide-forming elements such as chromium, added to promote corrosion resistance, give more problems on casting, as a result of the surface oxide formation. The high-nickel, heat-resistant cast irons (Ni-resists), however, are relatively easy to cast, and certainly much easier to cast than the equivalent heat-resistant steel alloys.

8. Properties of Alloy cast iron High operating temperatures Outstanding corrosion resistance Lightweight Very good strength and hardness Good stiffness and strength-to-weight ratio Excellent thermal conductivity High electrical conductivity Good finishing characteristics Full recyclability https://www.reliance-foundry.com/blog/cast-iron#gref

9. Uses of Alloy cast Iron It is used in making pipes, to carry suitable fluids. It is used in making different machines. It is used in making automotive parts. It is used in making pots pans and utensils. It is used in making anchor for ships. https://clubtechnical.com/cast-iron

10. Malleable Cast Iron Malleable cast iron is essentially white cast iron which has been modified by heat treatment. It is formed when white cast iron is heated to around 920 deg C and then left to cool very slowly https://www.ispatguru.com/malleable-cast-iron/

11. Composition of Malleable Cast Iron It is obtained by giving a long time annealing to cast iron. To get the high cast irons, steel scraps 10% to 40% maybe added to lower the total carbon contents. The procedure of obtaining malleable cast iron is as follows: The white cast iron casting along with silica is packed in steel pot in heated muffle oven or continuous type thermal kiln. The temperature is maintained at 870 deg C for 60 hours and casting is cooled slowly in the furnace, iron carbide dissociates at Fe3C Fe + C and thus reduces to malleable cast iron. Engineering Material by R. K. Rajput

12. Properties of Malleable Cast Iron Following are the properties of malleable cast iron: Hardness-material’s resistance to abrasion and indentation. Toughness-material’s ability to absorb energy. Ductility-material’s ability to deform without fracture. Elasticity-material’s ability to return to its original dimensions after it has been deform.

13. Uses of Malleable Cast Iron Following are the basic uses of malleable cast iron: It is used in machine construction. It is used in transport industry. It is used in heating, cooling and safety systems. It is used in gas industry. https://www.reliance-foundry.com/blog/cast-iron#gref

14. Mottled Cast Iron Cast iron or pig iron that is intermediate between white cast iron and grey cast iron and shows a mottled surface on fracture is known as mottled cast iron. Iron which consists of a mixture of a variable proportions of gray cast iron and white cast iron, such a material has a mottled fracture.

15. Composition of Mottled Cast Iron Following is the composition of mottled cast iron: Combined Carbon 1.75% Graphite 1.75% Iron 93.5% The remainder are impurities Engineering Material by R. K. Rajput

16. Properties of mottled Cast Iron Mixture of the two states, grey cast iron and white cast iron. Strength and hardness varies according to the ratio of free carbon to combined carbon. Less tendency to rust than grey cast iron variety. Fluidity is good. Hard and brittle. Engineering Material by R. K. Rajput

17. Uses of Mottled Cast Iron The only use of mottled cast iron is for the manufacturing of manhole’s covers and pipes. Engineering Material by R. K. Rajput

18. White Cast Iron White cast iron is a type of carbon-iron alloy that contains carbon content greater than 2% in the form of cementite. When fractured it exhibits a silver-like (white) fracture. White cast iron has high compressive strength and wear resistance. https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/5425/white-cast-iron

19. Composition of White Cast Iron Following are the elements present in the composition of white cast iron: Iron 94% Graphite carbon 0.5% Combined carbon 3.5% And the remainder are impurities. Engineering Material by R. K. Rajput

20. Properties of White Cast Iron Following are the properties of white cast iron: Hard brittle and cannot be machined. So called because the carbon is mostly in combined form. Highly resistance and wear. Tensile strength is good. Obtained by rapid cooling of metal. Due to its poor fluidity it does not fill the mould freely. Engineering Material by R. K. Rajput

21. Uses of White Cast Iron The uses of the white cast iron are as below: Used for parts subjected to excessive wear, e.g. in rim of freight car wheels or railway breaks blocks. Used for inferior castings and does not rust so much as grey variety. Used for making malleable castings also. Engineering Material by R. K. Rajput

22. Ductile Cast Iron Ductile Iron is a type of cast iron known for its impact and fatigue resistance, elongation, and wear resistance due to the spherical graphite structures in the metal. Ductile iron is also called ductile cast iron. https://Willmanind.com

23. Composition of Ductile Cast Iron Ductile cast iron contain more than 2% C. Ductile cast iron is the alloy of carbon with 1.7 to 4.5% carbon and 0.5 to 3% silicon. Butt in some alloy it has manganese 0.5 to 1.0% Phosporous 0.1 to 0.9% & Sulphur 0.07 to 0.10%

24. Properties of Ductile Cast Iron Ductile iron  owes its remarkable mechanical properties to the spheroidal shape of its  graphite : tensile strength, impact resistance, high elastic limit, good elongation. These properties are further enhanced by control of the chemical analysis and heat treatment of the metal matrix. Ductile iron  maintains the traditional qualities of cast irons, resulting from the  high carbon content: compression strength, castability , abrasion resistance, machinability, fatigue strength. https://www.saint-gobain-pam.co.uk

25. Uses of Ductile Cast I ron Following are the basic uses of ductile cast iron. It is used in automotive application. It is used in vehicle components power trains, frames, suspension and wheels ,crank shaft. It is used in steering components, transmission and different parts connecting rods. It is used in agriculture impelement , roads and construction application.