Classification of fungi

classification up to class

1. CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI
CLASS LEVEL

2. •Cosmopolitan in distribution
•Body is thallus represented by Hyphae (Septate or aseptate)
•Cross septa of hyphae has small pore called dolipore
•Cell wall made up of fungal cellulose or chitin
•Interwoven hyphae in furitingbody make false tissue called Plectenchyma
•Reserve food materials is glycogen or oil globule
•Reproduction by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods.
FUNG
Recap general characteristic of fungi

3. FUNGI

4. Fungi has four major classes

5. 1. Phycomycetes
Alexopolous, 1962, divided the Phycomycetesinto
i. Oomycetes and ii. Zygomycetes
2. Ascomycetes
3. Basidiomycetes
4. Deuteromycetes.
Classification

6. Classificationoffungi:
Basedonreproductionstructureandlifecyclepatternsfungiare,
1.Phycomycetes:
Includesabout250generaand1300species
•Theyhavecomparativelysimplethallus,maybeunicellularorfilamentous.Filamentous
bodyoffungiisknownashypha.Hyphaisaseptateandcoenocytic.
•Theymaybeaquaticorterrestrial,parasiticorsaprophytic.
•AsexualreproductiontakesplacebymotilesporeknownasZoosporeandnon-motile
spore.
•Sexualreproductiontakesplacebyplanogameticfusion,gametangialcontactand
gametangialconjugation.
Theyareclassifiedintotwofurthertypes.

7. a)Oomycetes:
•Theyaremostlyaquaticandparasitic.Only
fewaresaprophytic.
•Asexualreproductiontakesplaceby
zoosporeandsexualreproductiontakes
placebyplanogameticfusionand
gametangialcontact.
•Thenameoomycetesduetotheformation
ofdiploidzygoteknownasoospore,e.g.
Phytopthora.
.
b)Zygomycetes(conjugationfungi):
•Theyaremostlyterrestrialandsaprophytic
andonlysomeareparasitic.
•Asexualreproductiontakesplacebynon-
motilespores.Sexualreproductiontakes
placebyconjugation.
•ThenameZygomycetesduetothe
formationofdiploidZygotecalled
zygospore,e.g.Mucor.
Phycomycetes:

8. PLANOGAMETIC COPULATION :
The fusion of two naked motile gametes
i.e, planogametes is called planogametic
copulation.
Three types of planogamycan occur in
fungus based on their shape, size and
motility of fusing gametes-Isogamy,
Anisogamy, Oogamy.
GAMETANGIAL COPULATION :
The karyogamyis established when the entire content
of compatible gametangiafuses with each other
This happens in two ways:
1 the passage of contents of one gametangiuminto the
other through a pore developed in the gametangialwall
at the point of contact.
2 mix of two protoplasts is how the direct fusion of
gametangiatakes place.
Other processes include Gametangialcontact,
Spermatization, Somatogamy.

9. 2.Ascomycetes(sacfungi):
Incudesabout1650generaand12000species
•Theyaremostlyterrestrial,saprophyticandparasitic.
•Hyphaisseptateandbranchedbutsomespeciesareunicellular.
•vegetativereproductiontakesplacebyfragmentationbuddingandfission.
•Asexualreproductiontakesplacebyconidia,chlymydosporeetc.
•Sexualreproductiontakesplacebygametengialconjugation,somatogamy.
ThespeciesofitarecalledSacfungibecausetheyproducesexualsporeswithin
thesaclikeascus
•Asaclikestructurecalledascusisformafterfusionofmaleandfemale
gametes,The8ascosporesareformedintheascusi.e.endogenousinorigin.
•e.g.Yeast

10. 3.Basidiomycetes(ClubFungi):
Incudesabout550generaand15000species
•Theyaremostlyterrestrial,saprophytic,parasiticandsymbiotic.
•Hypha is septate and branched. Two types of hypha or mycelium are found,
i.e. primary mycelium, secondary mycelium. Primary mycelium is formed
by the germination of basidiospores. Secondary mycelium or dikaryoticcell is
formed by the fusion of 2 primary mycelium of opposite mating types.
•Asexualreproductiontakesplacebyconidiaandchlymydosporeetc.
•Sexualreproductiontakesplacebysomatogamy.Thetwonucleusof
dikaryoticmyceliumfusedtoformclubshapedzygotecalledbasidia.
•Four basidiosporesarise from a basidiumand they are exogenous in origin.

11. 4.Deuteromycetes(Fungiimperfecti):
Thosefungiinwhichperfectstage(sexualreproduction)isunknownor
absentbutreproducebytheonlyasexualmethodarecalledfungiimperfecti
andareplacedinformclassDeuteromycetes.
1300Generaand11000species
•Theyaremostlyterrestrialandparasitic.Onlyfewaresaprophytes.
•Hyphaisseptateandbranched.
•Asexualreproductiontakesplacebyconidia,oidiaand
chlymydospore.
•Sexualreproductionisabsentsotheyareknownasfungiimperfect,
e.g.Alternaria.

12. CLASS EXAMPLES
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
HYPHAE
Phycomycetes
Oomycetes
Zygomycetes
Phytophthora
Mucor
Resting spore
Zygospore
Non motile,
sporangiospore
Coenocytic
Multinucleate
Ascomycetes
Yeast, Morels,
Truffles
Ascospore
Conidia cut from
conidiosphore
Septate and dikaryotic
phase
Basidiomycetes
Mushrooms,
Rust, smuths
Basidiospore Uncommon
Septate, lengthy, dikaryotic
phase
Deuteromycete
s
Aspergillus,
Pencillium,
Alternaria
No-Sexual reproduction
reported
Conidia
Summary (Classification of Fungi)