Classification of Hydraulic Turbines

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1. TRANSLAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT SEMINAR ON- “TURBINES. SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO: ISHANT GAUTAM B.TECH(M.E) 3 RD YEAR ROLL NO: 1232140025 .

2. TURBINES Turbines are the hydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. HYDRAULIC ENERGY TURBINES MECHANICAL ENERGY

3. CLASSIFICATION OF TURBINES According to the type of energy at inlet: Impulse turbine Reaction turbine. According to the direction of flow through runner: Tangential flow turbine Radial flow turbine Axial flow turbine Mixed flow turbine.

4. According to the head at the inlet of turbine: High head turbine Medium head turbine Low head turbine. According to the specific speed of the turbine: Low specific speed turbine Medium specific speed turbine High specific speed turbine.

5. If at the inlet of turbine the energy available is only kinetic energy, the turbine is known as Impulse Turbine . If at the inlet of turbine water possesses kinetic energy as well as pressure energy,the turbine is known as Reaction Turbine . If water flows along the tangent of runner,the turbine is known as Tangential flow turbine .

6. If the water flows in radial direction through the runner,the turbine is known as Radial flow turbine . If the water flows from outward to inward radially,the turbine is known as Inward radial flow turbine . If the water flows from inward to outward radially,the turbine is known as Outward radial flow turbine. If water flows along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of runner, the turbine is known as Axial flow turbine. If water flows in radial direction but leaves in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation,the turbine is known as Mixed flow turbine.

7. PELTON TURBINE Pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine. Pelton turbine is suitable for high head and low flow rate. Energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. Pressure at the inlet & outlet is atmospheric.

8. MAIN PARTS OF PELTON TURBINE: 1.Nozzle and flow regulating arrangment . 2. Runner and buckets 3. Casing 4. Breaking jet.

9. RADIAL FLOW REACTION TURBINES In radial flow reaction turbines water flows in the radial direction. The water may flow radially from outward to inward or from inward to outward. RADIAL FLOW REACTION TURBINES . INWARD RADIAL FLOW TURBINE OUTWARD RADIAL FLOW TURBINE

10. If the water flows from outward to inward the turbine is known as Inward radial flow turbine. If the water flows from inward to outward the turbine is known as Outward radial flow turbine. Main parts of Radial flow Reaction Turbine: Casing Guide mechanism Runner Draft tube

11. INWARD RADIAL FLOW TURBINE If the water flows from outward to inward the turbine is known as Inward radial flow turbine. Guide wheel consists of guide vanes which directs the water to enter the runner. The outer diameter of the runner is inlet & inner diameter is outlet.

12. OUTWARD RADIAL FLOW TURBINE If the water flows from inward to outward the turbine is known as Outward radial flow turbine. The inner diameter of the runner is inlet & outer diameter is outlet.

13. FRANCIS TURBINE The inward flow reaction turbine having radial discharge at outlet is known as Francis Turbine . In modern Francis turbine water enters the runner in radial direction at outlet & leaves in axial direction at inlet of runner. Francis turbine is suitable for medium head and medium flow rate.

14. AXIAL FLOW REACTION TURBINE If the water flows parallel to the axis of the rotation of the shaft the turbine is known as Axial flow turbine . The axial flow reaction turbine the shaft is vertical. Lower end of shaft is made larger and known as hub/boss. AXIAL FLOW REACTION TURBINE PROPELLER TURBINE KAPLAN TURBINE

15. Kaplan turbine runner. When the vanes are fixed to the hub & are not adjustable the turbine is known as Propeller Turbine . If the vanes are adjustable the turbine is known as Kaplan Turbine

16. Kaplan Turbine is suitable for low head and high flow rate. Main parts of Kaplan Turbine are : Scroll casing Guide vanes mechanism Hub with vanes Draft tube .

17. THANK You…