Classification of lipids according to chemical structure

Lipid Classification Msc

1. Classification Of lipids according to chemical structure - Miras Sayyad

2. What Are Lipids? Definition : Lipids are organic molecule of biological origin that are insoluble in water and soluble in non-polar solvents. The chemical composition of these molecules includes hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. They provide high energy and perform three important biological functions in the body: to provide structure to cell membranes, to store energy, and to function as signalling molecules. They include fats and oils – mostly triglycerides Fat: solid at room temperature Oil: liquid at room temperature

3. Classification Of Lipids

4. 1. Simple Lipids or Homolipids Simple lipids are esters of fatty acid linked with various alcohols. Fats and oils ( triglycerides ) These esters of fatty acid have glycerol, a trihydroxy alcohol. Triglycerides are abundant and constitute about 98 percent of all dietary lipids . Waxes Waxes are long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acid esters with monohydroxy alcohols, which have high molecular weight. Waxes are produced naturally by skin glands as a protection, to keep it lubricated and water-proof.

5. Simple Lipid

6. 2. Compound Lipids or Heterolipids Heterolipids are fatty acid esters with alcohol and additional groups. Phospholipids (phosphatids) Phospholipids contain fatty acids, glycerol, nitrogen bases, phosphoric acid, and other substituents . As their name implies, phospholipids contain phosphorus in the form of phosphoric acid groups. Their molecular structure is polar, consisting of one hydrophilic head group and two hydrophobic tails . Glycolipids (cerebrosides) Glycolipids are fatty acids with carbohydrates and nitrogen but without phosphoric acid. Glycolipids also include some compounds like sulfolipids, gangliosides, and sulfatids which are structurally-related.

7. Compound Lipid

8. 3. Derived Lipids These substances are derived by hydrolysis from compound and simple lipids. These fatty acids include carotenoids , steroids, and terpenes . Steroids The steroids are the most studied types of fat. They contain no fatty acids and unlike fats, are nonsaponifiable (cannot be hydrolyzed to yield soap). Cholesterol Cholesterol is a well-studied lipid, because of its strong correlation with the incidence cardiovascular disease. It is an important component of cell membranes and plasma lipoproteins, and is an important precursor of many biologically important substances like bile acids and steroid hormones.

9. 3. Derived Lipids

10. 3. Derived Lipids Terpenes They are large group of volatile unsaturated hydrocarbons found in the essential oils of plants, especially conifers and citrus trees. Carotenoids They are a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene, which give colour to plant parts such as ripe tomatoes and autumn leaves.