Classification of Microorganism by ernest heackel.pptx

complete description of the 2 kingdom and 3 kingdom classification

1. MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISM -By Earnest Haeckel

2. SYNOPSIS Introduction Classification Of Microorganism Haeckel’s Concept Features Of Three Kingdom System Of Classification Drawbacks References

3. MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms or microbes are organisms invisible to naked eyes but are visible under a microscope. The category ‘microbes’ includes a massive range of organisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae, archaea and protozoa. Although viruses are not considered living organisms, they are sometimes classified as microorganisms.

4. Classification Of Microorganism Taxonomy :- It is the science that deals with the logical arrangement of living thing into categories:- Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Aristotle’s Classification Theory The Greek Scientist, first to develop the classification system for organisms. He divided all known organisms into two groups:- PLANTS and ANIMALS. The classification was based on the morphological characteristic.

5. Two Kingdom Classification It was proposed by Carolus Linnaeus (1758). This system classifies organisms into two kingdoms:- Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia He categorized and classified living organisms on the basis of nutrition and mobility. DRAWBACKS Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes were not separated. Unicellular and Multicellular organisms were not separated. Green plants and non-green plants(fungi) were kept in the same group. This system of classification doesn’t include all living organisms like Lichens. Euglena possesses both plant and animal character and wasn’t classified in a particular group.

6. Haekel’s Three Kingdom Classification Proposed by Ernest Haeckel in 1866. He proposed PROTISTA as a new kingdom to accommodate organisms exhibiting characteristics either common to both plant and animals or unique to their own. The arrangement of the kingdoms were based on :- Morphological complexities and tissue system The division of labour , and Mode of nutrition Unicellular animals, algae and fungi were separated from other organisms based on the lack of tissue differentiation.

7. 1. KINGDOM PLANTAE:- It includes multicellular photosynthetic plants. 2. KINDOM ANIMALIA:- It includes multicellular animals. 3. KINGDOM PROTISTA:- It includes unicellular and colonial prokaryotes and eukaryotes such as bacteria , algae, fungi, protozoans .

8. Features three kingdom classification system was put forward by Haeckel in order to over come the objections and limitation of the two kingdom classification system. haeckel suggested that the inconsistencies of the two-kingdom system could be avoided by the recognition of a third kingdom. According to this system all known microorganisms came to be recognised as protists ; neither plants nor animals. NOTE- In 1957 Roger Stainer and his associates gave new life term Protist . They were then further divided into :- Prokaryotes :- Eubacteria , Cynobacteria , Mycoplasma , Chlamydia etc Eukaryotes :- Algae, Fungi, Protozoa, Plants, Animals.

9. Drawbacks Of Haeckel’s Concept Organisms with different properties in the same group:- The Protista group includes a wide variety of organisms, such as algae, fungi, protozoa, and monera , that have different properties. 2. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes not separated:- The three-kingdom classification system does not separate prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 3. Unicellular and multicellular organisms in Protista :- The Protista group includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms. 4. Viruses not included:- Viruses are not included in any group in the three-kingdom classification system. Bacteria and fungi grouped with unrelated organisms:- The three-kingdom classification system groups bacteria and fungi with unrelated organisms.

10. Reference Textbook of microbiology: By Trivedi P.C., Pandey S. and Bhadauria S https://www.researchgate.net - Basis of Microorganism Classification Microbiology: an introduction: By Tortora , Gerard J., Funke , Berdell R. Case, Christine L.

11. The classification was based on the following criteria:  Cellularity : Organisms were classified as unicellular or multicellular . Nutrition : Organisms were classified as autotrophic or heterotrophic. Morphological complexity : Organisms were classified based on their morphological complexity. Tissue system : Organisms were classified based on their tissue system. Division of labor : Organisms were classified based on their division of labor. Here are some details about the three kingdoms: Kingdom Plantae This kingdom included all plants, which are eukaryotic, multicellular , and autotrophic organisms. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and contain chloroplast and chlorophyll pigment for photosynthesis.  Kingdom Animalia This kingdom included all animals, which are eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms.  Kingdom Protista This kingdom included all microorganisms, which are either autotrophic or heterotrophic.  Protista included organisms that lacked morphological complexities, a tissue system, division of labor, and a variety of feeding modes.  Although Haeckel's three-kingdom classification was intended to differentiate microorganisms from Animalia and Plantae , it was not widely accepted. It was later replaced by the five-kingdom classification of Robert Whittaker.