CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.pptx

Based on structure, Based on Functional group

1. CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS By, GRACE SHAJI CHITTILAPPILLY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPT. OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY KARPAGAM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, COIMBATORE - 32 UNIT - I

2. “Classification of Organic Compounds” Organic compounds can be classified on the basis of following two ways: On the basis of structure , and On the basis of functional group POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 2

3. On the Basis of Structure POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 3

4. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Open chain compounds Or Acyclic compounds Closed chain or Ring compounds Or Cyclic compounds Saturated Unsaturated Homocyclic Or Carbocyclic Heterocyclic Alicyclic Aromatic Alicyclic Aromatic Benzenoid Non - Benzenoid POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 4

5. Acyclic or Open Chain Compound These organic compounds have open chain skeleton. Its divided in to two types: Saturated and Unsaturated Saturated Compound These are the compounds in which various carbon atoms in a chain or a ring are linked together by single bond only . Alkanes are the most common examples of saturated chain carbon compounds. Eg : POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 5

6. b) Unsaturated Compounds These are the compounds in which various carbon atoms in a chain or ring are linked together by double or triple bonds . Alkenes (where carbon atoms are linked through double bonds) and alkynes (where carbon atoms are linked through triple bonds) are the most common examples of unsaturated chain carbon compounds. Eg : POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 6

7. 2. Cyclic or closed chain compounds These are organic compounds have closed rings structure. They are divided into two: Homocyclic or Carbocyclic compounds and Heterocyclic compounds . Homocyclic or Carbocyclic compounds In these organic compounds , the ring of compound has carbon atoms only . These compounds are further classified into: Alicyclic compounds Aromatic compounds Alicyclic Compounds These homocyclic compounds are ring of compound having carbon atoms only and do not have a benzene ring . POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 7

8. Eg : ii) Aromatic Compounds These homocyclic compounds have a benzene ring . POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 8

9. Eg : POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 9

10. They are divided into two: Benzenoid Compounds Non-benzenoid Compounds ( i ) Benzenoid Compounds These aromatic compounds are mainly obtained from the benzene . These compound are distinguished by the existence of one or more than one isolated or fused benzene rings additionally their derivatives in the structure. These compounds can be arranged as Monocyclic, Bicyclic and Tricyclic on the basis of the number of benzene rings which are fused together in the structure. POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 10

11. In bicyclic and tricyclic compounds there are two or more than two rings present in the structure. Eg : ii) Non-benzenoid Compounds These aromatic compounds consist of other unsaturated rings instead of benzene rings. These aromatic compounds have special stability. POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 11

12. Eg : b) Heterocyclic Compounds These organic compounds have one or more heteroatoms ( eg : O, N, S etc.) in the ring . These compounds are further classified into: Alicyclic compounds Aromatic compounds POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 12

13. Alicyclic compounds These heterocyclic compounds are similar to aliphatic compounds in properties. They consist of only single bond rings with hetero atoms . Eg : POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 13

14. b) Aromatic Compounds These heterocyclic compounds are similar to benzene and other aromatic compounds in properties. Eg : POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 14

15. On the Basis of Functional Group POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 15

16. A functional group is an atom or group of atoms within a molecule with specific chemical behaviour. Thus, an atom or group of atoms responsible for the characteristic features of an organic compound is termed as a functional group . C – C double bond is one of the simplest functional groups forming alkenes . In some compounds, carbon bonded to other atoms (like N, O, S, P etc) acts as a functional group. Eg : alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid etc… Compounds having the same functional group belong to same class. Types: Functional groups containing Carbon – Carbon multiple bonds. Functional groups containing Carbon – Oxygen double bond. Functional groups with Carbon bonded to other atoms like N, O, S or P. POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 16

17. Functional Groups containing Carbon – Carbon multiple bonds. Organic compounds having carbon – carbon multiple bonds, giving specific reactions and forming different families. Eg : POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 17 Compound Functional group Examples Alkenes Ethene, propene, but-1-en-1-ol, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,5-heptadiene Alkynes Ethyne, propyne, pentyne , octyne Arenes Benzene, Toluene, Nitrobenzene, Aniline, Diphenyl, Naphthalene

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19. 2) Functional group containing Carbon – Oxygen double bond Organic compounds having carbon-oxygen double bonds, giving specific reactions and forming different families. Eg : POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 19 Compound Functional group Examples Aldehyde Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Propanal Ketone Acetone, Acetophenone, benzophenone Carboxylic acid Acetic acid, Formic acid, Butanoic acid Esters Ethyl acetate, ethyl propanoate, propyl acetate Acid halides Acetyl chloride, Hexanoyl bromide, Benzoyl iodide Amides Acetamide, Benzamide, Butyramide

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22. 3) Functional groups with Carbon Bonded to Other atoms like N, O, S or P The functional groups in some organic compounds carry carbon linked to other atoms (like N, O, S or P) via single or double bonds. Eg : POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 22 Compound Functional group Examples Alkyl halide Chloro methane, Fluoro ethane, 2-Bromo-2-methyl propane Alcohol Ethanol, Propanol, Methanol Ethers Dimethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, Isopropyl methyl ether Amine Methylamine, Aniline, Ethylamine Thiol Thiophenol, 2-Butanethiol, Furfurylthiol Nitrile Acetonitrile, Benzonitrile, Butyronitrile

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25. THANK YOU….. POC-I, Unit 1: Classification of Organic Compounds 25