Classification of protein

Biochemistry

1. Protein By  Mrs Sanchita Choubey (M.Sc., PGDCR, Pursuing Ph. D) Assistant Professor  of Microbiology Dr. D Y Patil Arts Commerce and Science College Pimpri , Pune

2. Introduction Protein name is derived form a Greek word PROTOS which means “the first or the supreme. Protein are extremely complicated and nitrogenous molecule made up of variable number of amino acid residue joined to each other by a specific covalent bond called peptide bond. 20 amino acid which have been found to occur in all proteins, known as standard amino acid.

3. Why are proteins important to us Proteins make up about 15% of the mass of the average person Enzyme act as a biological catalyst Storage and transporte – Haemoglobin Defenece -Antibodies Hormones – Insulin Ligaments and arteries (mainly formes by elastin Protein) Muscle – Proteins in the muscle respond to nerve impulses by changing the packing of their molecules (Actin and myosin) Hair, nails and skin: Protein keratin as main component

4. Protein is a complex organic nitrogenous compound composed of amino acid linked together by peptide bonds. Protein is a high molecular-weight polypeptide made up of amino acid linked together by polypeptide bonds.

5. Most important biomolecules. they are the fundamental constituent of the cytoplasm of the cell. Structural elements of body tissues. Proteins are considered as the bricks, they make up bones, muscles, hair and other parts of the body. Proteins like enzymes are functional elements that take part in metabolic reactions. Antibodies, blood haemoglobin are also made of proteins.

6. Properties of Protein Physical Properties… Proteins are colorless and tasteless. They are homogeneous and crystalline. Proteins vary in shape, they may be simple crystalloid structure to long fibrilar structures. The diffusion rates of proteins is extremely slow. Proteins exhibit Tyndall effect.

7. Chemical Properties Hydrolyzed by acidic agents. Reaction with alcohols & gives esters. This process is known as esterification. Amino acids reacts with amines to form amides. Protein gives Sanger reaction. Protein gives Xanthoproteic Test. Protein gives Folin’s test.

8. Primary Structure S e con d a r y structure Tertiary Structure Q u at e rna r y Structure Four types of Structure

9. Primary Structure of Protein: Primary structure of protein is the linear sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide chain. His sequence is given by the sequence of nucleotide bases of the DNA in the genetic code. Secondary Structure of Protein: The folding of the polepeptide chain into a specific coiled structure held together by disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds is knows as the secondary structure of protein.

10. Tertiary Structure of Protein: Tertiary structure of proteins is the three dimensional structure formed by the bending and twisting of the polypeptide chain . The overall arrangement and interrelationship of the various regions, or domain and individual amino acid residues of a single polypeptide chain is known as the tertiary structure of protein. Quaternary Structure of Protein: Some proteins contain more than one polypeptide chains, this association of polypeptide chains refers to the quaternary structure . Each polypeptide chain is called a subunit.

11. Classification based on shape Depend upon the axial ratio the protein are classify into two type of protein. Globular protein Fibrous protein

12. Classification based upon Function Catalytic Protein : These are enzyme which may be simple or conjugated. Alkaline phosphatase Alanine transaminase Regulatory or Hormonal protein : Many protein and peptide acts as Hormone. Insulin Growth Hormone Structural Protein: Contribute to the structure of the tissue. Collagen Elastin

13. Continue… Transport Protein: Serve to carry substances. Transferrin carry Iron Hemoglobin carry Oxygen Immune Protein : Serve in defense mechanism Immunoglobulin, IgG , IgA, IgM , IgD,IgE Contractile Protein: Takes part in the muscle contrection . Actin My o si n

14. Function of Protein Transport substances in blood of different tissues. E.g : Haemoglobin is a oxygen transport protein. Contraction of muscle and cells . E.g : Myosin. Prevents blood loss.E.g:Fibrinogen .

15. Conclution At last now we are clearly informed about the Protien , what's it and what it's Features and properties , what it's important along to our body . Protein are the most essential element for our body . It can be uses For developing our body in various purpose.

16. Thank you