Classification of YogaMudra, Meditation, Image Classification

Classification of Yoga Mudra

1. JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA JSS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Constituent College of JSS Science and Technology University Mr. Rohith M N Assistant Professor Dept of ECE Under the guidance of Dr. U B Mahadevaswamy Professor and Head Dept of ECE Approved by A.I.C.T.E Governed by the Grant-in-Aid Rules of Government of Karnataka Identified as lead institution for World Bank Assistance under TEQIP Scheme DIAMOND JUBILEE YEAR : 1963 - 2023 “ Unlocking the Benefits: Exploring the correctness of Yoga Mudras and Posture”

2. Understanding  mudra   The fundamentals and their connection with our fingers    Types of mudras    Scientific Background behind the gestures Seven Healing Mudras for Chakra Balancing   SIFT and SURF Features based Classification of Yoga Hand Mudras Reference Demonstration of 5 Mudras and its correctness 4/15/2024 Research Interest Presentation 2 Contents

3. Understanding Mudra 4/15/2024 3 Research Interest Presentation I t was a non-invasive practice Mudra is a Sanskrit word meaning seal, lock, or gesture . Yoga experts say that mudras are gestures practiced using the hands, especially the fingers.   “These gestures facilitate the flow of energies within the body in a way that helps relieve pain,” Mudras  are used to showcase expressions and emotions in various classical dance forms as well.    

4. The fundamentals and their connection with our fingers 4/15/2024 4 Research Interest Presentation

5. The functional factors in Mudra 4/15/2024 Research Interest Presentation 5

6. Types of mudras     Ref: International Journal of Health Sciences and Research Y ear : 2021 | Month: January | Volume: 11 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 118-126 4/15/2024 Research Interest Presentation 6 Yogic  mudra  – There are 25 sub-types of  mudras  in yogic practice . Ex: mahamudra ,   one of the oldest forms of  hatha yoga  and is said to boost the mental awareness of a person.   Spiritual  mudra   – These gestures are used to attain peace, knowledge, and concentration. Ex: gyan mudra   (to attain knowledge), dhyana mudra   (to attain focus while meditating).   Curative   mudra  – Gesture is done to manage health conditions.  Ex: apana mudra   or purificatory gesture for body detox.    Religious  mudra   –practiced either in dance forms or found in sculptures (idols). Ex: bhumi sparsha mudra ,   meaning touching the earth abhaya mudra   meaning gesture of fearlessness.   Customary  mudra  – These gestures are done for self-benefit . Ex: Anjali mudra,   meaning the gesture of greeting a person   Pranayama mudra   used while practicing yogic breathing exercises.   

7. Scientific Background behind the gestures 4/15/2024 7 Research Interest Presentation Dr Balaji Deekshitulu P V, ISSN 2250-1711 Special Edition Explains the flow of energy using the similarity of an electric circuit. compares the fingers to electric wires and the body’s innate energy to electricity .  Mudras   are performed using two or more fingertips and when they touch the thumb, the circuit is closed, leading to a flow of energy.    Dr Kuldeep Singh, assistant professor from Kurukshetra , Haryana, www.happiesthealth.com Mudras act as acupressure, using the application of pressure on certain points ( acupoints ) to encourage the movement of energy. Similarly, mudras work by manipulating the nerve endings of fingertips.   Researchers from the Department of Bioenergy, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana in association with SVYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru have demonstrated the effect of  mudras  using electro photonic imaging (EPI) in their  study . EPI captures the electrical discharge or corona discharge around the fingers. 

8. 7 Healing Mudras for Chakra Balancing   4/15/2024 8 Research Interest Presentation Root Chakra ( Muladhara ) - Earth Element Sacral Chakra ( Svadhishthana ) - Water Element Solar Plexus Chakra ( Manipura ) - Fire Element Heart Chakra ( Anahata ) - Air Element Throat Chakra ( Vishuddha ) - Ether (Space) Element Third Eye Chakra ( Ajna ) - Light Crown Chakra ( Sahasrara ) - Thought

9. Brief approach 4/15/2024 9 Research Interest Presentation The yoga hand mudras are used as input The two components Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) are extracted, followed by classification utilizing machine learning techniques including Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest .

10. Brief approach 4/15/2024 10 Research Interest Presentation Preprocessing The input yoga hand mudras are preprocessed before fed into extraction of features. Before categorization, the RGB images are transformed to HSV color space. Space of color A color space is defined as a one to four-dimensional spatial model of contrast enhancement in terms of pixel intensities. One of dimensions is a color module, often known as a color network. During preprocessing, RGB color is converted to HSV color space. Feature extraction The feature extraction techniques namely, SIFT and SURF to extract the attributes from the input image, are utilized.

11. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) 4/15/2024 11 Research Interest Presentation E xcellent robustness to handle image rotation, scaling, and affine deformation, as well as perspective change, noise, and light variations. Detection of scale space extrema SIFT descriptor construction Detection Scale-space representation and location of points of interest Descriptor Orientation assignment Matching Speeded-Up robust features

12. Classifiers: Support vector machine (SVM) 4/15/2024 12 Research Interest Presentation Statistic machine learning approach that has been successfully applied in the pattern matching sector and is based on the concept of structural risk reduction. SVM develops a straight tool to estimate choice capacity utilizing non-direct class limitations in light of assistance vectors. Random forest A Random Forest (RF) is an ensemble made up of several different decision trees that operate together.

13. Demonstration 4/15/2024 13 Research Interest Presentation Gyana Mudra

14. Demonstration 4/15/2024 14 Research Interest Presentation Vayu Mudra

15. Demonstration 4/15/2024 15 Research Interest Presentation Akasha Mudra

16. Demonstration 4/15/2024 16 Research Interest Presentation Prithvi Mudra

17. Demonstration 4/15/2024 17 Research Interest Presentation Apan a Mudra

18. Demonstration 4/15/2024 18 Research Interest Presentation Apan Vayu Mudra

19. Conclusion 4/15/2024 19 Research Interest Presentation The classification of yoga hand mudras has been proposed using the machine learning techniques SVM and RF, where SIFT and SURF as features to classify. Experimental results show that, the real time Yoga hand mudra images were collected. The performance of SVM with SIFT features gives the highest accuracy of 90 % when compared to other models. In future, the Yoga hand mudras and yoga asana will classify using deep learning models.

20. Reference 4/15/2024 20 Research Interest Presentation Edwin W. Trejo and Peijiang Yuan, Recognition of Yoga Poses through an Interactive System with Kinect device, 2018 2nd International Conference on Robotics and Automation Sciences, 978-1-5386-7370-6/18, 2018 IEEE Yoga for Your Type: An Ayurvedic Approach to Your Asana Practice, By David Frawley , Sandra Summerfield Kozak , 2001. Asanas : 608 Yoga Poses, By Dharma Mittra , 2003. Y . Agrawal, Y. Shah and A. Sharma, "Implementation of Machine Learning Technique for Identification of Yoga Poses," 2020 IEEE 9th Conference The Healing Power of Mudras: The Yoga of the Hands, Rajendar Menen , 2010. A.Ganesan and P.Prakashraj , (2020) The Effectiveness of Yoga by using Logistic Regression Model - A Case Study, JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory, Volume XIII Issue I, ISSN : 0731-6755pp. 682-693. Raghupathi , K. V. (2016). Theory and Practice of Hastha Yoga. International Journal of Science and Consciousness; 2(3): 33- 41.

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