classificationofinstrumentsrevisednov2013-131125184742-phpapp01.pdf

music instruments

1. Classification
of
Instruments

2. Classification
•Musical instruments may be classified or
grouped in several ways
•Traditionally, the European culture classifies
instruments according to orchestral
instrument families.

3. Orchestral Instruments
•Woodwind –most were originally made
from wood; all produce sound by blowing,
some of them by vibrating a reed.
•Brasswind –originally made from brass;
also produce sound by blowing
•Percussion –these instruments are made
from a variety of materials and involve
some physical impact (percussion) to
produce sound
•String –These instruments have strings

4. Some instruments from…

5. Some instruments from…

6. Some instruments from…

7. Some instruments from…

8. Ethnographic Classification
•Orchestral classification does not cover
the wide variety of instruments and
playing styles which are found in
various ethnic groups worldwide.
•Early in the 20
th
century Erich Moritz
von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs derived
a system to classify all musical
instruments.

9. Ethnographic Classification
•The Hornbostel-Sachs system is based
on how an instrument creates vibrations
in order to produce sound.
•This is the most widely accepted system
of musical instrument classification used
today.

10. Classification of Instruments
•Hornbostel-Sachs system identifies
five categories of instruments.
•Aerophones
•Chordophones
•Idiophones
•Membranophones
•Electrophones

11. Aerophones
•An aerophone produces its sound by the vibration of air
•The two main families that are aerophones are woodwind
and brassinstruments.
•Most Woodwindsuse the air and reeds to vibrate.
•Brassuse air and the player’s lips to vibrate.
•Some keyboardinstruments also use air as
the source of vibration and can be considered
aerophones.
•Can you name any Aerophones?

12. Unusual Aerophones
•Dgeridoo -Australia
•Panflute -Peru
•Bagpipe –British Isles
•Shakuhachi -Japan
•Shofar –Middle Eastern (Jewish)

13. Chordophone Instruments
•Chordophones are part of the stringinstrument family.
•They produce sound by the vibrating of strings.
•To make the sounds: pluck, bow or strike the strings.
•This is done by a pick, bow or the musician’s hand.
•Can you name any Chordophones?

14. Unusual Chordophones
•Celtic Harp –British Isles
•Koto -Japan
•Washtub Bass –Southern USA, Jamaica
•Harpsichord -Europe

15. Electrophone Instruments
•This is the newest category of instruments. They have
only been around since the 20
th
century.
•Electrophones produce an electronic sound.
•The two main families of electrophones are electronic
instrumentsand amplified acoustical
instruments.
•What are some Electrophones that you have heard?

16. Membranophones
•Membranophonesproduce sound
•when a stretched skin(membrane)
vibrates.
•Different materials can be used to make
membranophones, including
wood, metal, or ceramics.

17. Membranophone Instruments
•These instruments may have definiteor indefinite
pitch. What does this mean?
•percussion family
•These belong to the. How many different kinds of
drums do you know?

18. Idiophone Instruments
•Idiophones produce a
sound by the vibration of
the actual instrument
itself.
•These instruments can be
struck, rubbed, shaken or
plucked.
•This category belongs to
the percussionfamily.
•How many can you
name?

19. Review
•Instruments can be classified into what
5 categories?
•Aerophonesproduce sound by the vibration of
what?
•Chordophonesproduce sound by the vibration of
what?
•Electrophonesproduce what kind of sounds?
•Membranophonesproduce sound by vibrating
what?
•Idiophonesuse the vibration of what?
•Can you give examples of each category?

20. Instrument Match
•Aerophone
•Chordophone
•Idiophone
•Membranophone
•Electrophone
•Flute
•Conga
•Mandolin
•Synthesizer
•Pipe Organ
•Timpani
•Guiro
•Amplified Acoustic
Guitar
•Castinets
•Cello

21. Acknowledgements
•Adapted from a presentation found on Lewiston-
Porter Central School District’s web site.
•http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/texth/H
ornbostel-Sachs.html
•http://thebirdfeednyc.com/2012/08/20/musical-
instrument-families/