CLAUSES OF REASON, PURPOSE AND CONCESSION.pptx

Clauses of reason, purpose and concession.

1. CLAUSES OF REASON Because , as, since … A clause of reason is usually used to describe why something happened due to the action described by the main clause.

2. BECAUSE, AS AND SINCE They connect the result of something with its reason. As it was dark, we used a torch. since it was dark, we used a torch. Are you angry with me because I opened the letter? She missed the meeting because of the traffic. He couldn’t sleep because of the loud music next door. The cancelation of the trip was due to heavy rain AS SINCE BECAUSE + A CLAUSE Because of Due to + noun / pronoun / noun phrase ' Due to ' and ' owing to ' are interchangeable. They both express cause and effect and are  prepositions .

3. CLAUSES OF CONSESSION A clause, often beginning with "though" or "although", that expresses an idea that suggests the opposite of the main part of the sentence:

4. ALTHOUGH, EVEN THOUGH, IN SPITE OF, DESPITE STUDY THIS EXAMPLES: "He had enough money." " He refused to buy a new car.“ The above two statements can be combined as follows : OR STRUCTURE Although Even though he had enough money , he refused to buy a new car He refused to buy a new car Although Even though he had enough money , Although Even though + SUBJECT + VERB Although  it was raining, he walked to the station. Even though  she is very old, she runs fast.  

5. IN SPITE OF / DESPITE INSPITE OF / DESPITE + NOUN He got the job in spite of his prison record. Lisa is traveling through Europe by train, despite/in spite of the cost. Despite/ In spite of the wind, we went fishing. INSPITE OF / DESPITE + -ING FORM They arrived late despite leaving in plenty of time. Despite having a headache, I had a great birthday.

6. CLAUSES OF PURPOSE TO, IN ORDER TO, SO AS TO, SO THAT

7. We use certain clauses to show why somebody does something. These are called clauses of purpose. We use them to answer the question Why? or What for? Examples: We play sport  to, in order to, so as to  get fit. We take holidays  to, in order to, so as to  relax. So, why do we take holidays?  To, in order to, so as to  relax That’s the reason. CLAUSE OF PURPOSE To In order to So as to + VERB BASE FORM

8. NEGATIVES in order not to/so as not to + base form we walked in quietly so as not to wake up the children. I kept checking the meat so as not to overcook it. He set the alarm clock for 5 o'clock so as not to be late for his flight. But we can't negate a sentence that contains only  to  +  infinitive .

9. So that