Clauses.ppt for lesson in English Enhancement

PowerPoint about clauses

1. Clauses
Independent & Dependent
Clauses

2. Clauses
•Definition: A clause is a group of related
words that contains a subject and a
predicate.
•The students who are in Mrs. Parker’s
class are smart.

3. Clauses vs. Phrases
•A phrase is a group of words without a
subject and a predicate
•Maggie gave a gift to Ted.
•Students who eat breakfasthave more
energy.
Phrase
Clause

4. Independent (Main) Clauses
•An independent (or main) clause can
stand on its own. An independent clause is
a complete thought.
•Ms. Lowery teaches math.
•I ate breakfast.

5. Dependent (Subordinate) Clauses
•A dependent (or subordinate) clause is not
a complete thought. It is a fragment.
•Because the students performed well on
the exam…
•If I won the lottery…
•who is wearing a red shirt…

6. Combining Independent & Dependent
Clauses
•A dependent clause must be added to an
independent clause to be a complete thought.
•When a dependent clause comes beforean
independent clause, you must add a comma
between the two.
•Because the students performed well on the
exam,the teachers did a little dance.
Dependent Clause
Independent Clause

7. Interrupting a Main Clause
•Sometimes a dependent clause comes in
betweena main clause.
•Mr. Buckhalter, who teaches math, is
competitive.
Main clause
Subordinate clause

8. Identifying Independent & Dependent
Clauses
•Ashley sings a song.
•If my team wins the game
•Because the students skipped school
•Jessica’s favorite subject is English.

9. Adjective Clauses
•An adjective clause is a clause that
describes a noun.
•Adjective clauses are always dependent
clauses.
•There are 5 words (relative pronouns) that
introduce adjective clauses:
–who, whom, whose, which, that

10. Adjective Clauses
•Sometimes the relative pronouns that
introduce an adjective clause are implied.
•Example:
The grade I received was a shock.
The pronoun that is implied.
The grade [that] I received was a shock.

11. Essential and Non-Essential Adjective
Clauses
•Adjective clauses can be identified in two
ways: essential and non-essential.
•Essential clauses are necessary
information. They do not have commas
around them.
•Non-essential clauses are extra
information. Commas are placed around
non-essential clauses.

12. Examples
•An example of an essential clause:
The teachers that I like best are funny.
*Essential clauses help identify specific things
or people
•An example of a non-essential clause:
My English book, which is terribly boring, calls my
floor home.
*Non-essential clauses are extra information.

13. Adverb Clauses
•An adverb clause contains a subject and a
predicate.
•It answers the adverb questions how,
when or why.
•Trevon read the book until he fell asleep.
Independent clause
Dependent clause &
Adverb clause

14. Adjective & Adverb Clauses
•The girl who wore a blue dress won the
prize.
•Jack, who always chews gum, likes to play
baseball.
•Maggie called Ted because he sent her
roses.