Climate Change & sustainability.pdf

This PPT intends to explore climate change and its impact on the increase of climate refugees across the globe.

1. WELCOME TO
CLIMATE CHANGE &
SUSTAINABILITY

2. PRESENTED BY
Dr. N. Sannigrahi,
Associate Professor of Botany,
Nistarini College, Purulia (W.B) India.

4. THE THREE HIDDEN ISSUES
The21
st
centuryisthecenturyoflotofchallenges-somearehiddenwhile
restareexplored.Education,unemployment,malnutrition,genderequality,
poverty,hunger,goodhealth&wellbeing,cleanwater&sanitation,Affordable
&cleanenergy,decentwork&economicgrowth,Industry,innovation&
infrastructure,reducedinequalities,sustainablecitiesandcommunities,
Responsibleconsumption&productionaresomeoftheissueswhichare
supposedtobeaddressedintheforthcomingyearsasdreamtbySDGs17by
UNESCOinordertobringtheholisticdevelopmentoftheallthepeopleacross
theglobe.Buttheprocessoftheaccelerationofthegrowthoftheworld,some
problemsarehiddenandiftheseproblemsarenottobeaddressedproperly,it
mayevencauseaseveredisasterswhichnevertobeanticipatednowadays
sittingintheglobalvillageofmarketeconomyandglobalization.Climate
Change,ArtificialIntelligence(AI&ML),NuclearWeaponsarethethreemost
importantissuesthatneedimmediateunderstandinginthisconsequences.
Wearewhatwethink,---Withourthoughts,wemaketheworld.”
(Buddha)

5. CLIMATE CHANGE
Most Common addressed issues in the society-
Education
Unemployment
Fundamentalism
Politics
Pollution
Population
Poverty
COVID19
Aninvisible,lessaddressedissueinthemoderndaysbut
perennialproblemsneedimmediateattentionofthepolicy
makers,Politicians,Industrialists,Scientists,Commonpeople
alongwithIntellectualsinacademicfraternityincludingthe
youthsofmillions,thefutureofthegreenplanet.

7. FRAGILE STORY OF TEA PLANTATION IN
INDIA
AfterChina,Indiaisthesecond(1.30milliontones/year)
largestproduceroftea.
Flavorandcolorwitharomadeservehighquality,
Asustainablesourceofforeignincomesincelast200years
Recently,
Leafproductiondecrease
Insectcontaminationishighduetoenvironmentalmadness,
Topsoilerosionduetochangeofrainfallpatterneffectsthe
qualityoftea
Teaproductionwillbecome0inthenext50years
Teaworkerswillbecomeworkless,
Migrationofworkforcetoothersectors
ChangeofdemographicpatternexpeditedbyClimatechange

8. Climatechangereferstolong-termshiftsintemperaturesand
weatherpatterns.Theseshiftsmaybenatural,suchasthrough
variationsinthesolarcycle.Butsincethe1800s,humanactivities
havebeenthemaindriverofclimatechange,
primarilyduetoburningfossilfuelslikecoal,oilandgas.
Burningfossilfuelsgeneratesgreenhousegasemissionsthatactlike
ablanketwrappedaroundtheEarth,trappingthesun’sheatand
raisingtemperatures.
Examplesofgreenhousegasemissionsthatarecausingclimate
changeincludecarbondioxideandmethane.Thesecomefromusing
gasolinefordrivingacarorcoalforheatingabuilding,forexample.
Clearinglandandforestscanalsoreleasecarbondioxide.Landfills
forgarbageareamajorsourceofmethaneemissions.Energy,
industry,transport,buildings,agricultureandlanduseareamongthe
majorcause.Emissionscontinueinanuninterruptedmannerto
meetupthegreedofhuman.

9. Theimportantissueisthechallengeoftheclimatechangeacross
theglobe.Itisthehumaninducedglobalwarmingthatissupposed
tocausethedetrimentaleffectoftheglobalclimatepattern.
Emissionofgreenhousegasesfromtheuncontrolledburningofthe
fossilfuelsisoneoftheimportantcausestoinducethephenomenal
changeoftheglobalwarming.Theagricultureactivitiesinrandom
manneralongwiththeinstallationofdifferentheavyindustrieslike
cementmaking,thepowergenerationsfromfossilfuels,steel
makingetcaresomeofthecausesfortheglobalclimatechangein
thiscentury.TheIPCChaswarnedaboutthechangeoftheaverage
meantemperatureoftheearthandthedetrimentaleffectofthe
climatechangewillbringdevastationonthephysicalenvironment
oftheearth.Therecentupsurgesofthedifferentphysical
phenomenonliketheheavyrainfallinsomeregionswhiledrought
ontheothers.

10. Globalsealevelrisingduetothemeltingoftheglaciersisan
importantconcernofthedifferentcitiesclosetothesea.The
changeoftheecosystemwillbringchangesinthecrop
productivityinonehandwhiletheforestandwildlifewillbe
severelyaffected.Changeofthelivelyhoodcancausethepoverty
ofthemillionsofpopulationparticularlyinthesub-SaharanAfrica
andtheSouthEastAsiancountries.Theunstablefoodsecurity
maycausestarvationofthemillions.Undernutritiondueto
starvationmaycausethepandemicofthedifferentdiseasesmainly
escalatedbythemalnutritionandpoorhealthandhygienic
practices.Agriculturebasedindustrieswillfaceaserious
challengeandthismayleadtothemillionsofunemployment
situation.TheGDPofthecountryingeneralandunderdeveloped
anddevelopingcountriesinparticularwillbecomeserious
challengesinthedrivetosolvetheunemploymentandmal
nutrition.

11. Burningcoal,oilandgasproducescarbondioxideandnitrous
oxide.
Cuttingdownforests(deforestation).Treeshelptoregulatethe
climatebyabsorbingCO
2fromtheatmosphere.Whentheyare
cutdown,thatbeneficialeffectislostandthecarbonstoredinthe
treesisreleasedintotheatmosphere,addingtothegreenhouse
effect.
Increasinglivestockfarming.Cowsandsheepproducelarge
amountsofmethanewhentheydigesttheirfood.
Fertilizerscontainingnitrogenproducenitrousoxideemissions.
Fluorinatedgasesareemittedfromequipmentandproductsthat
usethesegases.Suchemissionshaveaverystrongwarming
effect,upto23000timesgreaterthanCO
2.

12. Themaindriverofclimatechangeisthegreenhouseeffect.Somegasesinthe
Earth'satmosphereactabitliketheglassinagreenhouse,trappingthesun'sheat
andstoppingitfromleakingbackintospaceandcausingglobalwarming.
Manyofthesegreenhousegasesoccurnaturally,buthumanactivitiesare
increasingtheconcentrationsofsomeofthemintheatmosphere,inparticular:
carbondioxide(CO
2)
methane
nitrousoxide
fluorinatedgases
CO
2producedbyhumanactivitiesisthelargestcontributortoglobalwarming.
By2020,itsconcentrationintheatmospherehadrisento48%aboveitspre-
industriallevel(before1750).
Othergreenhousegasesareemittedbyhumanactivitiesinsmallerquantities.
MethaneisamorepowerfulgreenhousegasthanCO
2,buthasashorter
atmosphericlifetime.Nitrousoxide,likeCO
2,isalong-livedgreenhousegas
thataccumulatesintheatmosphereoverdecadestocenturies.Non-greenhouse
gaspollutants,includingaerosolslikesoot,havedifferentwarmingandcooling
effectsandarealsoassociatedwithotherissuessuchaspoorairquality.
Naturalcauses,suchaschangesinsolarradiationorvolcanicactivityare
estimatedtohavecontributedlessthanplusorminus0.1°Ctototalwarming
between1890and2010.

13. Climatechangeisincreasingthefrequencyandintensityof
extremeweathereventssuchasheatwaves,droughts,floodsand
tropicalcyclones,aggravatingwatermanagementproblems,
reducingagriculturalproductionandfoodsecurity,increasing
healthrisks,damagingcriticalinfrastructureandinterruptingthe
provisionofbasicservicessuchwaterandsanitation,education,
energyandtransport.From1880to2012,averageglobal
temperatureincreasedby0.85°C
Oceanshavewarmed,theamountsofsnowandicehave
diminishedandsealevelhasrisen.From1901to2010,the
globalaveragesealevelroseby19cmasoceansexpanded.The
Arctic’sseaiceextenthasshrunkineverysuccessivedecade
since1979
Globalemissionsofcarbondioxide(CO2)haveincreasedby
almost50percentsince1990
Emissionsgrewmorequicklybetween2000and2010thanin
eachofthethreepreviousdecades

14. IS CLIMATE CHANGE REAL?
Rising of sea level,
Warming Oceans,
Shrinking Ice Sheets,
Glacial Retreat,
Decreased Snow Cover,
Sea Level Rise
Declining Arctic Sea Ice
Extreme Events,
Ocean acidification

15. FUTURE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Temperature will continue to rise
Frost free season lengthen
Changes in Precipitation Pattern
More drought & heat waves
Hurricanes will become stronger and more intense
Sea level rise
Arctic likely to become ice free

16. Climatechangebycreatingunsuitablelivingconditions(e.g.,
desertification,sea-levelrise,declineinfreshwateravailability,
foodshortage,healthissues)willmovemanypeople(forced
displacement,plannedresettlement,migration).Poor
communitiesareparticularlyimpactedbythehuman
movement.Itisestimatedthatby2050,uptoseveralhundred
millionpersonswillbemoved.Populationmovementwill
exposecountriestomultiplechallenges(e.g.,social,health,
andfinancialconsequencesandviolentconflicts).
Effectonhumanhealth
Nutrition
Productivity
Infection
Adaptationonanimals

17. A“refugee”isdefinedasapersonwhohascrossedaninternational
border“owingtowell-foundedfearofbeingpersecutedforreasons
ofrace,religion,nationality,membershipofaparticularsocial
grouporpoliticalopinion”Insomecontexts,thedefinitionextends
topersonsfleeing“eventsseriouslydisturbingpublicorder”
Climatechangeaffectspeopleinsidetheirowncountries,and
typicallycreatesinternaldisplacementbeforeitreachesalevel
whereitdisplacespeopleacrossborders.However,theremaybe
situationswheretherefugeecriteriaofthe1951Conventionorthe
broaderrefugeecriteriaofregionalrefugeelawframeworkscould
apply.Peoplemayhaveavalidclaimforrefugeestatus,for
example,wheretheadverseeffectsofclimatechangeinteractwith
armedconflictandviolence.Buildingonitsstudy'InHarm’sWay’,
in2020,UNHCRissuedLegalConsiderationstoguide
interpretationandsteerinternationaldiscussiononsuchclaims.
Regardless,theterm“climaterefugee”isnotendorsedbyUNHCR,
anditismoreaccuratetoreferto“personsdisplacedinthecontext
ofdisastersandclimatechange.”

18. Inthepastdecade,theglobalrefugeepopulationhasmorethan
doubled.AccordingtotheUNHCR,over84millionpeople
aroundtheworldhavebeenforcedtofleetheirhomes.Among
themareover26.6millionrefugees,thehighestpopulationon
record.68%oftheworld’srefugeescomefromjust5countries.
1.EritreaRefugeecrisis
2.CentralAfricanrepublic
3.Somalia
4.Sudan
5.DemocraticRepublicofCongo
6.TheRohingyaCrisis
7.SouthSudan
8.Afghanistan
9.Bangladesh
10.Others

19. Sustainabilityisdefinedas:“theintegrationofenvironmental
health,socialequityandeconomicvitalityinordertocreate
thriving,healthy,diverseandresilientcommunitiesforthis
generationandgenerationstocome.Thepracticeofsustainability
recognizeshowtheseissuesareinterconnectedandrequiresa
systemsapproachandanacknowledgementofcomplexity.”
Sustainablepracticessupportecological,human,andeconomic
healthandvitality.Sustainabilitypresumesthatresourcesare
finite,andshouldbeusedconservativelyandwiselywithaviewto
long-termprioritiesandconsequencesofthewaysinwhich
resourcesareused.Insimplestterms,sustainabilityisaboutour
childrenandourgrandchildren,andtheworldwewillleavethem.

21. Inordertoreachasustainablesociety,itisnecessaryto
integrateclimatechangemeasuresintonationalpolicies,
strategies,andplanning.Itisvitaltoimproveeducation,
awareness-raising,andhumanandinstitutionalcapacityon
climatechangemitigationbutalsotostrengthenglobal
resilienceandadaptivecapacitiestotheeffectsofglobal
warming.adoptstrategiestorespondtoenvironmental
challengesandadapttheircommunitiesaccordingly.This
approachiscarriedoutthroughtheimprovementof
education,awarenessandhumanandinstitutionalcapacities,
aswellasprogressinfieldssuchastransport,recycling,
waterandwastemanagement,productionandconsumption
oflocalproductsandtourism.

23. In1987theUnitedNationstheBrundtlandCommissiondefined
sustainabledevelopmentasmeetingtheneedsofthepresent
withoutcompromisingtheneedsoffuturegenerations.
Economicprogress:Referstotheallocationandefficient
managementofpublicandprivateinvestmentsandresourcesthat
notonlygenerateeconomicprofitabilitytothecompanybutalso
efficiencyintermsofmacro-socialbenefits(Sachs2008).
Socialjustice:Relatestobuildingacivilizationwithgreaterequity
inthedistributionofearningsinawaythatreducesinequality
betweenrichandpoorbyprotectingandensuringtheparticipation
of local communities (Sachs 2008).
Environmentpreservation:Referstotherationaluseofnatural
resourcestakingintoaccountthebalanceofecosystemsandthe
conservationofnon-renewableresourcesandbiodiversity(Sachs
2008).

24. MethodforSustainability
1.Conserve,protect,restore,andimprovethesupplyandquality
ofnaturalresourcesandenvironmentalmedia(energy,water,
materials,ecosystems,land,andair)overthelongterm;
2.Alignandintegrateprograms,tools,incentives,andindicators
toachieveasmanypositiveoutcomesaspossiblein
environmental,economic,andsocialsystems;and,
3.Considerthefulllifecyclesofmultiplenaturalresources,
processes,andpollutantsinordertopreventpollution,reduce
waste,andcreateasustainablefuture.
4.Promotionofgreenchemistry
5.Alternativesourceofgreenenergy
6.Developmentforall
THINKGLOBALLYBUTACTLOCALLY

26. RabindranathTagore(Nobellaureate),
“Themostimportantlesson
thatmancanlearnfromlife,
isnotthatthereispaininthisworld
butthatispossibleforhim
totransmuteitintojoy”.

27. ---------------and miles to go before I sleep”

28. Thanks a lot for your journey
•ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
•Different websites for the study content,
•Google for the beautiful images
•Several books and the YouTube repository to develop this
presentation
•Disclaimer:
•This PPT has been made to create the mass awareness in the
most burning issue of climate change and the sustainability
which are also dreamt as the goals of SDG17 by UNESCO.