Clinic and types of clinic in the community area

Clinic

1. CLINIC
Ms. SaheliC
Lecturer
IACN

3. CLINICS
•Clinic is a type of health care setting which
provide health care services to people.
•It is a special place either in the hospital or in
the health care centres where the specialist
doctors along with the trained nurses and
paramedical staff diagnose, treat and provide
follow up care to the outdoor patients.

4. •Clinics are more convenient to the patients.
•They can get the consultation and treatment
as outdoor patient according to the feasibility
of their work schedule.

5. PURPOSES
•Patients can directly approach to the specialist
doctors with formal registration as an outdoor
patient.
•Hospitalization is not required unless it is an acute
emergency.
•Consultation, investigation, diagnosis and
treatment is done as an ambulatory outdoor
patient.

7. •Patient can carry out treatment at his home
environment with all home comfort and with
emotional support of family members.
•Patient’s routine job work is not disturbed
much.
•Hospital is spared of overcrowding of the
indoor patients.

8. •Requirement of trained staff also reduces.
•Referral system is very quick as the treating
physician can refer directly to another specialist
if need arises.

9. FEATURES OF GOOD CLINIC
•Clinic should be set up at such a place where
transport facilities are available.
•Clinic should be located near the emergency
unit, laboratory and radiological department as
the basic investigation may be required before
starting treatment.

10. •There should be sufficient waiting area and chairs in
front of the clinic and near the registration office
where the patients can relax and wait for their turn.
•Facilities for drinking water and toilet are the basic
requirements of every clinic.
•Small portable canteen should be available near the
clinic where the patient can have some refreshment
who come from far off places or some patient come
fasting for their investigation.

12. •Time for clinic should be fixed and working hours
of the clinic are usually kept more than routine
timings of the hospital.
•The physician and members of the team should be
specialist, specialized and skilled in their work and
sufficient in number.
•All equipment in the clinic should be up to date
and in working conditions as patients are aware of
latest technology of medicines through social
media.

14. •Sufficient stationary should be available and
records should be maintained accurately in
register.
•Inside the clinic, hand washing facilities,
screen for privacy , arrangement for sufficient
light should be there.
•Female attendant should be available while
examining female patient.

16. •Staff working in the clinic should be kind,
sympathetic and skilful in answering the
queries of the patient.
•There should be arrangement for effective
health education.

17. TYPES OF CLINIC
The clinics are generally classified in 3 main
groups:
1.General clinics
2.Maternal and child health clinics
3.Speciality clinic

21. GENERAL CLINIC
Ms SaheliC
Lecturer
IACN

25. •They are usually managed by general
physician.
FUNCTIONS
•To provide emergency care.
•For treatment of minor ailments.
•For examination and routine laboratory
investigation.
•For immunization through immunization
clinic.

26. X ray clinic :
X ray clinic is managed by
radiologist. Its function
are:
•To provide radiological
diagnosis.
•To provide radiotherapy
to the cancer patients.

28. DENTAL CLINIC
They are run by dentist either bachelor or dental
science (BDS) or master of dental science
(MDS) in specific field. Its function are:
•Maintain oral health.
•Prevent and treat dental caries.
•Provide treatment for gingivitis, periodontitis,
mouth ulcers.
•Warn patient about the use of oral tobacco.

30. 2.SEPARATE CLINIC

31. •There are a number of separate clinics run on different days of the week.
•This system of clinics is used where access is very easy and client’s number is
very large.
❖The important clinics under this category includes:
I.Antenatal clinics.
II.Postnatal clinics.
III.Family welfare clinic.
IV.Child guidance clinic.
V.Reproductive and child health clinic

32. I.ANTENATAL CLINIC
Antenatal clinic is thetype of clinic where pregnant mother can get care during her
pregnancy.
FUNCTIONS:
•To promote and protect the health of mothers.
•To prevent and treat malnutrition as nutritional anemia is very common in pregnant
women.
•To screen high risk cases and appropriate management of such cases.
•To treat infections and teaching about personal hygiene.
•To immunize the mother against tetanus.
•Warning mothers against drugs, smoking and alcohol.

34. •To assess the growth and development of the fetus during pregnancy.
•Mothers are explained about frequency of visit to clinic.
•To maintain the antenatal records like weight, height, hemoglobin
estimation, urine testing for sugar and albumin level during each visit.
•Preparing mother for mother craft.
•Preparing for labour.
•Sensitivity about the need of family planning.
•Counseling of the family members about her care after delivery and to
provide psychological support.

35. II.POST NATAL CLINIC
In postnatal clinic, care is provided to the mother and child after delivery,
up to 6 weeks.
AIM: The aim of postnatal clinic is to maintain optimum health of the
mother and child.

37. FUNCTIONS OF POSTNATAL CLINIC:
•To help the mother to recover from stress and strain of labour.
•To promote breast feeding to the infant.
•To prevent infections.
•To prevent complications.
•Teach mother about care of newborn baby.
•To provide family planning services.

38. III.FAMILY WELFARE CLINIC:
❑Family welfare clinics provide reproductive health and family planning
services and serve as a model for integration of family planning services
with other aspects of reproductive health care.
❑These clinics operate as an outdoor facility and women are referred to
nearby hospitals clinics for any surgical intervention or inpatient
management.

39. FUNCTIONS OF FAMILY WELFARE CLINICS:
•To provide guidance and counseling to eligible couples.
•To treat infertility.
•To advise spacing between children.
•To motivate couples to have small family.
•To provide contraceptive devices to the couples.
•To maintain records of mothers who adopt small family norms.
•Records of tubectomy and vasectomy operations are maintained.
•To provide health education on prevention of reproductive tract diseases.

41. •Provide genetic counseling.
•Sex education.
•Education on nutrition
•Provide marital guidance.
•Making available the
contraceptive devices free of
cost at all health centers.

42. IV.CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC
Some children suffer from psychological disorders. These must be recognized by the parents
and should seek medical help to resolve such problems. Some of the disorder are:
•Bed wetting.
•Sensitive to normal situation.
•Cruel behavior towards children or animals.
•Stealing objects.
•No interaction with children of their age.

43. •Hating family members.
•Refusing to go to school.
•Child feels neglected.
•Not behaving as per the age.

45. FUNCTIONS OF CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC
•Usually the clinic is run by the psychologist, psychiatrist, pediatrician and community
health nurse.
•Detailed history of child is collected from the parents and diagnosis is made based on
history.
•Child is counseled about the problems.
•Proper entertainment and sport facilities are provided to make child mentally healthy.
•Child is provided with number of options to solve his problem.
•Counseling is conducted frequently till problems are resolved.

46. V.REPRODUCTIVE AND CHILD HEALTH CLINICS
•The aim of this clinic is to reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality rate and promote
optimum health of mother and child.
FUNCTIONS OF THE CLINIC
A.For maternal health intervention:
•Provide essential obstetric care which includes antenatal care, institutional delivery and
postnatal care.
•Emergency obstetric care.
•Twenty four hours delivery services at primary health care (PHCs) and community health care
(CHCs)
•Referral transport facility.

48. •Medical termination of pregnancy on medical or social grounds
•Prevention, treatment and control if there is reproductive tract infection
B) FOR CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTION:
•Immunization on all vaccine preventable diseases.
•Essential newborn care.
•Oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea.
•Control and treatment of acute respiratory tract infection
•Prevention and control of Vitamin A deficiency

49. 3.SPECIALITY CLINIC

51. I.TUBERCULOSIS CLINIC
•Tuberculosis is one of the communicable disease.
•It is not only a problem for the patient suffering but also affects the family
members and community if not treated and controlled.
•TB clinic is run by the chest physician and health team specially trained in it to
provide health education to the patient and family to prevent the spread of it.

52. FUNCTIONS
•To make diagnosis of any patient coming with cough more than 2 months and
weight loss and sweating at night.
•To provide anti tuberculosis drugs.
•To provide health education on diet, as TB causes severe weight loss.
•Health education on taking rest , diet with high protein and extra calories and
vitamins.
•To teach the patient about the prevention of disease.
•If patient is not regular in taking medicine, he can be referred to ‘Directly observed
treatment short course (DOTS) clinic.

53. •Make records of all patients
•Notification of all the cases.
•Contributes to research.

54. II.DIABETES CLINIC
•Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems and its incidence is
increasing. Clinic is run by specialist with trained staff in this field.
FUNCTIONS
•To screen high risk cases that are prone to get the disease. This group
includes; obese patients above 40 years of age, family history of diabetes,
premature atherosclerosis, patients complaining of excessive appetite and
frequency of urine.

56. •To diagnose and treat such patients.
•Prevention of diabetes by healthy
lifestyle.
•To provide modification of diet.
•To prevent and treat complications.
•Teach patients about self care
regarding taking of regular meals,
taking of medicine as advised,
recognize signs of hypoglycemia and
treat them.
•To keep sweets and chocolates in case if
signs of hypoglycemia are evident.
•Teach patients about care of skin and feet.
•Avoid injury.
•Prevent infection.
•Regular exercise and diet control.
•Come for periodic medical check up, always
carry a diabetic card with phone number
and address in it.

57. III.CARDIAC CLINIC
Cardiac clinic is run by the cardiologist and his team. Due to sedentary lifestyle and
consumption of alcohol, and cigarette smoking, heart disease is becoming a major
health problem.
FUNCTIONS
•To diagnose and treat all problems related to heart.
•Provide health education on prevention and care.
•Counseling the heart patients about treatment and changing lifestyle.
•Provide follow up care.
•To maintain records and reports.
•To contribute for research work.

58. IV.STD CLINIC
FUNCTIONS :
•To diagnose STD like chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphillisand AIDS.
•To provide treatment such cases and follow up care.
•To advise the use of barrier technique to prevent the spread of infection to
other partner.
•Educate about sex hygiene.
•Testing urine for pregnancy.
•Maintains records of all cases.

59. V.NUTRITION CLINIC
•Nutrition clinic has become an essential component in every health care
unit.
•Therapeutic diet in cases of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiac, renal
and tuberculosis cases, during pregnancy and lactation , diet requirement in
growing children and nutritional deficiencies diseases calls for the
consultation of the dietician.
•Clinic is run by the dietician and his team trained in nutritional aspects.

61. FUNCTIONS
•To provide nutritional assessment , intervention and education to patients and
family.
•To ensure nutritional needs are met by the meals and snacks planned in menu.
•To participate with health care team and to provide dietary requirement for patients
and growing children.
•To provide evidence based medical nutrition therapy.
•To ensure standards of food are met through quality assurance.
•To provide knowledge and awareness of current nutritional information.
•To provide education on the healthy eating principles.
•To maintain records.
•To contribute for research work.
•To teach nursing and diabetic interns about the nutrition aspects and therapeutic
diets.