CLINICAL ASPECTS related to Ear anatomy.pptx

Related to Anatomy

1. CLINICAL ASPECTS RELATED TO EAR OBJECTIVES: Hyperacusis Otitis media and otitis externa Otosclerosis Tinitis vertigo Mastoid abscess Referred pain Meniere syndrome Stylalgia TABLE - 8

2. HYPERACUSIS HYPER - EXCESS ACUSIS - HEARING

3. STAPEDIUS MUSCLE AND STAPEDIAL REFLEX SMALLEST MUSCLE Action : Stapedial reflex - is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to loud sound stimuli which dampens vibrations passed to the cochlea via the oval window. 

4. Hyperacusis Definition. CLINICAL CASE :- A 32-year-old woman was referred to the ENT – OPD with reported acute, intensified noise sensations in both ears when hearing normal sounds and she reported that even her own voice caused her irritation. She reported of tinnitus in both ears. She revealed that she had undergone a surgery to her face recently. She was given a hyperacusis questionnaire, which helped the doctor to diagnose it as a case of Hyperacusis.

5. Hyperacusis Causes :- Exposure to loud noise Surgery to jaw or face – causing damage to nerve to stapedius Aging TREATMENT :- Sound therapy

6. OTITIS EXTERNA AND OTITIS MEDIA O titis: inflammation of ear Externa and media: layers(in this reference)

7. Otitis Externa Otitis externa is a condition that causes inflammation (redness and swelling) of the external ear canal , which is the tube between the outer ear and eardrum. Otitis externa is often referred to as "swimmer's ear" because repeated exposure to water can make the ear canal more vulnerable to inflammation.

8. Causes Irritation Fungal infection Allergies Treatment Ear drops

9. Otitis Media (middle ear infection) An ear infection (sometimes called acute otitis media) is an infection of the middle ear. Children are more likely than adults to get ear infections. Long standing infection leads to Chronic Suppurative otitis media .(perforation of tympanic membrane).

10. If it spreads Mastoid abscess Meningitis Lower motor neuron type facial palsy Labyrinthitis Cerebellar Abscess

11. Treatment Antibiotics Pain relieving medication Ear tubes(tympanostomy tubes)

12. OTOSCLEROSIS Oto : related to ear Sclerosis : abnormal hardening of body tissue.

13. CAUSES : Due to bony fusion takes place between the foot plate of stapes and the margin of the fenestra vestibuli.

14. TREATMENT : Stepedectomy and surgically introducing prosthesis in place of stapes.

15. STYLALGIA

16. Stylalgia is a pain syndrome occurring in connection with on elongated or malpositioned styloid process NORMAL STYLOID PROCESS ELONGATED STYLOID PROCESS

17. SYMPTOMS Chronic throat pain during swallowing Pain to cheek or lower part of neck associated with foreign body sensation in throat. Movements of head or act of deglutition initiates or increases the pain

18. DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of stylalgia is based on symptoms, palpation of enlarged styloid process Intraorally in the tonsillar region and elicitation of similar nagging throat pain or pain in the neck or foreign body sensation in the throat Confirmation is done by radiological examination of styloid process per orbital view.

19. MENIERE’S SYNDROME TINNITUS AND VERTIGO

20. Symptoms Recurring episodes of vertigo Hearing loss Ringing in ear (Tinnitus) Feeling of fullness in ear

21. Treatment Medications for vertigo Middle ear injections Surgery

22. Mastoid Abscess

23. Institution: Location: Name of Degree / Major or Minor: Graduation Year: Relevant Honors or Awards: Mastoid Abscess

24. Institution: Location: Name of Degree / Major or Minor: Graduation Year: Relevant Honors or Awards:

25. Symptoms include: • Tenderness, pain, redness, and swelling in the region of the mastoid process. • Usually, there is also a fever present and the ear is also very painful; symptoms of otitis media will also be present in the case of mastoiditis. • There may also be drainage from the ear.

26. REFERRED PAIN

27. Carcinoma of maxillary sinus- Backward spread may involve palatine nerves. Referred pain- Upper teeth. Ethmoid air sinus- Supplied by opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve. Referred pain- forehead 3) Maxillary sinusitis- Supplied by maxillary nerve. Referred pain- Upper teeth and infraorbital skin.

28. REFERRED PAIN IN EAR:

29. Institution: Location: Name of Degree / Major or Minor: Graduation Year: Relevant Honors or Awards: