CLINICAL CHEMISTRY - SUMMARY ON ENZYMES .pdf

Summary on the topic "Enzymes" including the substrate, end product, and disease associated.

1. ENZYMES
ENZYMESSUBSTRATECO-ENZYME DISORDERS ORGANS
INCREASEDIN: DECREASEDIN:
A.CREATININE-KINASE
●CK-BB ●Creatine
Phosphate
●ADP
NONE●CentralNervousSystemShock
●AnoxicEncephalopathy
●CerebrovascularAccident
●Seizure
●PlacentalorUterineTrauma
●Carcinoma
●Reye’ssyndrome
●CarbonMonoxidePoisoning
●MalignantHyperthermia
●AcuteandChronicRenal
Failure
Rarelydecreased●Brain
●bladder
●lung
●prostate
●uterus
●colon
●stomach
●thyroids
●CK-MB ●Creatine
Phosphate
●ADP
●MyocardialInfarction
MyocardialInjury
●IschemiaAngina
●InflammatoryHeartDisease
●CardiacSurgeryPolymyositis
●DuchenneMuscular
Dystrophy
●MalignantHyperthermia
●Reye’sSyndrome
●RockyMountainSpotted
Fever
Rarelydecreased●Heart
●Skeletalmuscle
●CK-MM ●Creatine
Phosphate
●ADP
●MyocardialInfarction(2nd
cause)
●Skeletalmuscledisorder
(mostcommoncause)
●Musculardystrophy
●Reducedmusclemass
●Musculardystrophiesin
latestages
●Heart
●Skeletalmuscle

2. ENZYMES
●Polymyositis
●Hypothyroidism
●MalignantHyperthermia
●Physicalactivityand
intramuscularinjection
B.MYOGLOBIN ●Oxygen ●None●MuscleInjury
●MyocardialInfarction
●MuscleDamageor
Disease
●Muscle(Skeletal)
●Heart
C.LACTATEDEHYDROGENASE
●LD-1 Lactate NAD+ ●Myocardialinfarction
●Hemolyticanemia
noclinicalsignificance●Heart
●RedBloodCells
●LD-2 Lactate ●Megaloblasticanemianoclinicalsignificance●Heart
●RedBloodCells
●LD-3 Lactate ●Pulmonarydiseases noclinicalsignificance●Lungs
●LD-4 Lactate ●Liverdiseases noclinicalsignificance●Liver
●LD-5 Lactate ●Skeletalmusclediseasesnoclinicalsignificance●Skeletalmuscle
D.TROPONIN
●TROP-I Protein NONE ●Myocardialinfarction
●Myocarditis
●Sepsis
●Braininjury
noclinicalsignificance●Heart
●TROP-T Protein ●Myocardialinfarction
●Myocarditis
●Sepsis
noclinicalsignificance●Heart

3. ENZYMES
●Braininjury
●TROP-C Protein ●CardiacInjury noclinicalsignificance●Heart
E.ALANINE
AMINOTRANSFERASE
●Alanine ●Pyridoxal
phosphate
(VitaminB6)
●Hepatitis
●Infection
●Cirrhosis
●Livercancerorotherliver
diseases.
●VitaminB6deficiency
●Chronickidneydisease.
●Liver
●Heart
●Muscles
F.ASPARTATE
AMINOTRANSFERASE
●Aspartate●Pyridoxal
phosphate
(VitaminB6)
●MyocardialInfarction
●Mononucleosis
●Pancreatitis
●Hepatitis
●Cirrhosis
●Hemochromatosis
●VitaminB6Deficiency
●Kidneydisease
●Liverdisease
●MuscleDamage
●Cardiactissues
●Liver
●Skeletalmuscle
●Kidney
●Pancreas
●Erythrocytes
G.ALKALINEPHOSPHATASE
●Hepaticisoenzyme●phosphate
compound
●Magnesium,
Zinc
●LiverDiseases
●Hepaticdisorders
●obstructivebiliary
Noclinicalsignificance●liver
●bonephosphatase ●BoneDiseases
●Osteoblasticdisorders
●osteitis
●Paget’sDisease
●Rickets
●Osteomalacia
●OsteogenicSarcoma
●Malnutrition
●Anemia
●aftermenopausalstage
●Bones
●placentalisoenzyme ●Pregnancy
●certaintumors
●abortion
noclinicalsignificance●Placenta

4. ENZYMES
●Preeclampsia
●Eclampsia
●intestinalisoenzyme ●Intestinaldisease
●Cholelithiasis
●Cholecystitis
●Pancreatitis
●Malnutrition
●Celiacdisease
●Hypophosphatasia
●Conditionsaffectingthe
absorptionofnutrients
intheintestine
●intestine
H.ACIDPHOSPHATASE●Phosphate
compound
●none ●Prostatecancer
●Prostatitis
●Prostatichypertrophy
●Bonediseases/cancer
●Paget’sdisease
●Gaucher’sdisease
●Thrombocytopenia(dueto
ITP)
noclinicalsignificance
●Prostate
●Bones
●Liver
●Spleen
●Kidneys
I.GAMMAGLUTAMYL
TRANSFERASE
●Gamma-gluta
mylgroup
●none ●Alcoholichepatobiliary
diseases
●Pancreatitis
●Diabetesmellitus
●Acutemyocardialinfarction
noclinicalsignificance
●Liver
●Kidney
●Brain
●Prostate
●Pancreas
J.AMYLASE
●Starch
●Glycogen
●Calcium ●Acutepancreatitis
●Mumps
●Parotitis
●Pepticulcer
●Intestinalobstruction
●Cholecystitis
●Appendicitis
●Ectopicpregnancy
●Chronicpancreatitis
●Liverorkidney
problems
●Cysticfibrosis
●Pre-eclampsia
●Pancreas
●Salivaryglands
●Stomach
●Intestine
●Fallopiantubes

5. ENZYMES
K.LIPASE ●Lipids
(Triglycerides)
●None ●AcutePancreatitisin5days
●PepticUlcer
●Cholecystitis
●IntestinalObstruction
●Pancreatitis
●PancreaticInsufficiency●Pancreas
●Stomach
●SmallIntestine
L.GLUCOSE-6-
PHOSPHATE
DEHYDROGENASE
●Glucose-6-Pho
sphate
●NADP+ ●Oxidativestress
●Inflammation
●SomeLiverDiseases
●HormonalChanges
(pregnancy)
●CertaintypesofCanceror
Tumors
●HemolyticAnemia●AdrenalCortex
●Thymus
●Spleen
●LymphNodes
●MammaryGlands
●Erythrocytes
M.MALATE
DEHYDROGENASE
●Malate ●None ●Acutekidneyinjury
Adenocarcinoma
Noclinicalsignificance●Kidney
N.PHENYLALANINE
HYDROXYLASE
●Phenylalanine●None ●Phenylketonuria Noclinicalsignificance●Liver
O.TYROSINASE ●Tyrosine ●None ●Albinism Noclinicalsignificance●Skin
P.GLYCOGEN
PHOSPHATASE
●Glycogen ●None ●Acutemyocardialinfarction
●CNScomplications
●Glycogenstoragediseases
Noclinicalsignificance●Heart
●Brain
●Skeletalmuscle
●Liver
Q.ACETYLCHOLINESTER
ASE
●Acetylcholine●None ●Myastheniagravis
●Alzheimer'sdisease
●Glaucoma
●Lewybodydementia
●Neurotoxicityfrom
organophosphates
Noclinicalsignificance●CentralNervous
organs

6. ENZYMES