Clinical Pharmacotherapy of Impetigo.pptx

Clinical Pharmacotherapy of Impetigo

1. Sreenu Thalla Associate Professor Department of Pharmacology Impetigo

2. Impetigo is   a common and highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and young children . It usually appears as reddish sores on the face, especially around the nose and mouth and on the hands and feet. Over about a week, the sores burst and develop honey-colored crusts

3. Risk factors Age .  Impetigo occurs most commonly in children ages 2 to 5. Close contact.  Impetigo spreads easily within families, in crowded settings, such as schools and child care facilities, and from participating in sports that involve skin-to-skin contact. Warm, humid weather.  Impetigo infections are more common in warm, humid weather. Broken skin.  The bacteria that cause impetigo often enter the skin through a small cut, insect bite or rash. Other health conditions.  Children with other skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (eczema), are more likely to develop impetigo. Older adults, people with diabetes or people with a weakened immune system are also more likely to get it. Malnutrition, Immunesupression , Overcrowding, Diabetes, Poor Hygiene

4. Symptoms Pruritus (severe itching) is common, and scratching of the lesions may further spread infection through excoriation of the skin. Other systemic signs of infection are minimal. Weakness, fever and diarrhea sometimes are seen with bullous impetigo

5. Signs Non bullous impetigo manifests initially as small, fluid filled vesicles. These lesions rapidly develop into pus-filled blisters that rupture readily. Purulent discharge from the lesions dries to form golden- yellow crusts that are characteristic of impetigo. In the bullous form of impetigo, the lesions begin as vesicles and turn into bullae containing clear yellow fluid. Bullae soon rupture, forming thin, light brown crusts. Regional lymph nodes may be enlarged.

6. Triggering factors Varicella infections Herpes zoster infection Scratching Lice Burns Trauma Insect bites

7. Etiology Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Group A beta- Haemolytic Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes Complications Renal dysfunction Septic arthritis Scarlet fever Sepsis Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome

8. Clinical Presentation Bullous Impetigo Initially small vesicles with clear or yellow fluid will appear after that they become flaccid bullae with dark purulent fluid Once the bullae ruptures, an erythematous base with rim of scale remains Non Bullous Impetigo Initially multiple vesicles or pustules present Once vesicles rupture, then honey coloured crust forms with purulent exudate Rapid spread and satellite lesion formation occur Mild regional Lymphadenopathy is present

9. Diagnosis Medical history Clinical presentation Bacterial culture test Skin biopsy Non Pharmacological Treatment Maintain hygienic conditions Cover with bandages Counselling

10. Prevention Gently wash the affected areas with mild soap and running water and then cover lightly with gauze. Wash an infected person's clothes, linens and towels every day with hot water and don't share them with anyone else in your family. Wear gloves when applying antibiotic ointment and wash your hands thoroughly afterward. Cut an infected child's nails short to prevent damage from scratching. Encourage regular and thorough hand washing and good hygiene in general. Keep your child with impetigo home until your doctor says they aren't contagious.