Clostridium tetani

1. Clostridium tetani Prepared by Joevani S. Peñol

2. gram-positive, obligate anaerobic, spore-forming rod shape bacterium drumstick appearance. MORPHOLOGY

3. Heat resistant spores and usual antiseptics. survive autoclaving at 121°C for 10-15 minutes . resistant to phenol and other chemical agents . RESISTANCE

4. soil intestine feces of livestocks Manure-treated soil skin surfaces contaminated heroin RESISTANCE

5. O rganism is sensitive to heat. Sensitive to oxygen. SENSITIVITY

6. Tetanus acute , often fatal, disease caused by an exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani . rigidity and convulsive spasms of skeletal muscles. involves the jaw (lockjaw) and neck and then becomes generalized. EPIDEMIOLOGY

7. Enters through the wound. Spores germinate in the presence of anaerobic condition. Tetanospasmin spread in through blood and lymphatic. Interferes with release of neurotransmitters, blocking inhibitor impulses. PATHOGENESIS

8. 3 to 21 days Neonatal tetanus , symptoms usually appear from 4 to 14 days after birth INCUBATION PERIOD

9. Man Suffering from Tetanus

10. LOCAL (Uncommon) CEPHALIC (Rare) GENERALIZED (Common) CLASSES

11. persistent contraction of muscles in the same anatomic area as the injury . Precede the onset of generalized tetanus, but is generally milder. 1 % of cases are fatal. LOCAL

12. Occurs with otitis media (ear infections) Head injuries. Involvement of the cranial nerves, especially in the facial area . CEPHALIC

13. Trismus stiffness of the neck and difficulty in swallowing rigidity of abdominal muscles. rise of 2°-4°C above normal temp. sweating and elevated blood pressure episodic rapid heart rate Spasms GENERALIZED

14. Occurs in infant infection of the unhealed umbilical estimated >270,000 deaths worldwide per year. Neonatal tetanus

15. Tetanospasmin VIROLENCE FACTOR

16. VIROLENCE FACTOR Mechanism of Action

17. Mouse inoculation Diagnosis

18. Medical Management Tetanus immune globulin (TIG ) Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) Wound Management proper immunization Prevention & Control

19. Temporary Immunity Immunity

20. Impact to Education & Community