cloud deployment and types of cloud computing .pdf

cloud deployments

1. Types and Service in Cloud:
•Introduction
•CloudReferenceModelArchitecture
•Infrastructure/HardwareasaService
•PlatformasaService
•SoftwareasaService
•TypesofClouds
•PublicClouds
•PrivateClouds
•HybridClouds
•CommunityClouds
•EconomicsoftheCloud
•OpenChallenges
•CloudDefinition
•CloudInteroperabilityandStandardsScalability
•FaultToleranceSecurity,Trust,andPrivacy
•OrganizationalAspects.

2. Introduction
•Cloud Computing can be defined as the practice of using a
network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store,
manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a
personal computer. Companies offering such kinds ofcloud
computingservices are calledcloud providersand typically
charge for cloud computing services based on usage. Grids and
clusters are the foundations for cloud computing.

3. Cloud Reference Model
•The cloud computing reference model is an abstract model that
divides a cloud computing environment into abstraction layers and
cross-layer functions to characterize and standardize its functions.
This reference model divides cloud computing activities and functions
into three cross-layer functions and five logical layers.
•Each of these layers describes different things that might be present
in a cloud computing environment, such as computing systems,
networking, storage equipment, virtualization software, security
measures, control and management software, and so forth. It also
explains the connections between these organizations. The five layers
are the Physical layer, virtual layer, control layer, service orchestration
layer, and service layer.

4. Cloud Reference Model

6. Infrastructure / Hardware as a Service
•Iaasis also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is one of the
layers of the cloud computing platform. It allows customers to
outsource their IT infrastructures, such as servers, networking,
processing, storage, virtual machines, and other resources. Customers
access these resources on the Internet using a pay-as-per-use model.

8. Some of the Primary Characteristics of IaaS
are:
•Scalability:IaaSenablesuserstoadjustcomputingcapacityaccordingtotheirdemandswithoutrequiring
longleadtimesorup-fronthardwarepurchases.
•Virtualization:IaaSusesvirtualizationtechnologytogeneratevirtualizedinstancesthatcanbemanagedand
deliveredon-demandbyabstractingphysicalcomputerresources.
•ResourcePooling:Thisfeatureenablesuserstosharecomputerresources,suchasnetworkingandstorage,
amonganumberofusers,maximizingresourceutilizationandcuttingcosts.
•Elasticity:IaaSallowsuserstodynamicallymodifytheircomputingresourcesinresponsetoshiftingdemand,
ensuringoptimumperformanceandfinancialviability.
•Self-Service:IaaSoffersconsumers"self-service"portalsthatletthemindependentlydeploy,administer,and
monitortheircomputingresourceswithouttheassistanceofITemployees.
•Availability:Toensurethehighavailabilityandreliabilityofservices,IaaSprovidersoftenrunredundantand
geographicallydisperseddatacenters.
•Security:Tosafeguardtheirinfrastructureandclientdata,IaaScompaniesadoptsecuritymeasures,
includingdataencryption,firewalls,accesscontrols,andthreatdetection.
•Customization:IaaSenablesuserstoaltertheoperatingsystems,applicationstacks,andsecuritysettingsof
theirvirtualizedinstancestosuittheiruniquerequirements.

9. IaaS provider provides the following
services

10. •Computing:Toprovisionvirtualmachines(VMs)forendusers,IaaSprovidersoffervirtualcentralprocessingunits(CPUs)and
virtualmainmemory.Asaresult,usersmayruntheirworkloadsandappsontheprovider'sinfrastructurewithouthavingtoworry
aboutmanagingtheunderlyinghardware.
•Storage:Back-endstorageservicesareprovidedbyIaaSproviders,enablinguserstostoreandaccesstheirfilesanddata.This
offersscalableandtrustworthystoragesolutionsforavarietyofusecasesandcanincludeblockstorage,objectstorage,orfile
storagealternatives.
•Network:IaaSprovidersprovidenetworkingtools,includingrouters,switches,andbridgesfortheVMsthroughNetworkasa
Service(NaaS).ThisenablesconnectivityandcommunicationbetweenVMsandotherresourceswhilealsoallowingcustomersto
createandmaintaintheirnetworkarchitecturewithintheIaaSenvironment.
•Loadbalancers:Infrastructure-layerloadbalancingservicesareprovidedbyIaaSproviders.Incomingnetworktrafficissplitup
amongmanyvirtualmachines(VMs)orresourcesbyloadbalancers,resultingineffectiveresourcemanagementandexcellent
applicationandserviceavailability.
•Security:SecurityfeaturesandservicesarefrequentlyofferedbyIaaSprovidersaspartoftheiroffering.Tosafeguarddataand
resourceshousedontheIaaSplatform,thiscanincludenetworksecurity,firewallconfigurations,accesscontrols,encryption,and
othersecuritymeasures.
•BackupanddisasterrecoveryservicesareprovidedbysomeIaaSproviders,enablingcustomerstocreatebackupcopiesoftheir
dataandsoftwareandputrecoveryplansinplaceintheeventofdatalossorsystemproblems.Thispromotesbusinesscontinuity
anddatasecurity.
•MonitoringandManagement:IaaSsuppliersprovidetoolsandservicesformonitoringandcontrollingtheresourcesand
infrastructure.ThiscaninvolvemanagingVMs,storage,andnetworkconfigurationsusingmanagementpanelsorAPIs,aswellas
measuringresourceutilization,automatingscaling,andmonitoringperformance.

11. Advantages of IaaS Cloud Computing Layer
•Shared infrastructure:IaaS allows multiple users to share the same
physical infrastructure.
•Web access to the resources:Iaasallows IT users to access resources over
the internet.
•Pay-as-per-use model:IaaS providers provide services based on a pay-as-
per-use basis. The users are required to pay for what they have used.
•Focus on the core business: IaaS providers focus on the organization's
core business rather than on IT infrastructure.
•On-demand scalability:On-demand scalability is one of the biggest
advantages of IaaS. Using IaaS, users do not worry about upgrading
software and troubleshooting issues related to hardware components.

12. Disadvantages of IaaS Cloud Computing Layer
•Security:IntheIaaScontext,securityisstillamajorproblem.AlthoughIaaScompanieshavesecuritysafeguardsinplace,itis
difficulttoachieve100%protection.Tosafeguardtheirdataandapplications,customersmustverifythatthenecessarysecurity
configurationsandcontrolsareinplace.
•MaintenanceandUpgrade:TheunderlyinginfrastructureismaintainedbyIaaSserviceproviders,buttheyarenotrequiredto
automaticallyupgradetheoperatingsystemsorsoftwareusedbyclientapplications.Compatibilityproblemscouldcomefrom
this,makingitharderforcustomerstomaintaintheircurrentsoftware.
•InteroperabilityIssues:InteroperabilityProblems:Becauseofinteroperabilityproblems,movingvirtualmachines(VMs)fromone
IaaSprovidertoanothercanbedifficult.Asaresult,consumersmayfinditchallengingtotransferprovidersorintegratetheirIaaS
resourceswithotherplatformsorservices.Thismayresultinvendorlock-in.
•PerformanceVariability:Duetosharedresourcesandmulti-tenancy,theperformanceofVMsintheIaaSsystemcanchange.
Duringtimesofhighdemandorwhilesharingresourceswithotherusersonthesameinfrastructure,customers'performancemay
fluctuate.
•DependencyonInternetConnectivity:InternetaccessiscrucialtoIaaS,whichislargelydependentonit.Anyinterruptionsor
connectivityproblemscouldhinderaccesstocloudinfrastructureandservices,whichwouldhaveanimpactonproductivityand
businessoperations.
•LearningCurveandComplexity:LearningCurveandComplexity:UsingandadministeringIaaScallsforacertainamountof
technicalknow-howandcomprehensionofcloudcomputingprinciples.ToefficientlyuseandmanagetheIaaSresources,
organizationsmayneedtospendmoneyonITemployeetrainingorturntooutsideexperts.
•CostManagement:CostControl:IaaSprovidesscalabilityandflexibility,butitcanalsoresultindifficultcostcontrol.Inorderto
preventunforeseencharges,customersmustkeepaneyeonandmanagetheirresourceutilization.Highercostsmaybetheresult
ofinefficientuseofresourcesorimproperresourceallocation.

13. Top Iaas Providers who are providing IaaS
cloud computing platform

14. IaaS Vendor Iaas Solution Details
Amazon Web Services Elastic, Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
MapReduce, Route 53, Virtual Private
Cloud, etc.
The cloud computing platform pioneer
Amazon offers auto-scaling, cloud
monitoring, and load-balancing features as
part of its portfolio.
Netmagic Solutions Netmagic IaaS Cloud Netmagic runs from data centers in
Mumbai, Chennai, and Bangalore and a
virtual data center in the United States.
Plans are underway to extend services to
West Asia.
Rackspace Cloudservers,cloudfiles,cloudsites,etc.The cloud computing platform vendor
focuses primarily on enterprise-level
hosting services.
Reliance Communications Reliance Internet Data Center RIDC supports both traditional hosting and
cloud services, with data centers in
Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, and
Chennai. The cloud services offered by
RIDC include IaaS and SaaS.
Sify Technologies Sify IaaS Sify's cloud computing platform is powered
by HP's converged infrastructure. The
vendor offers all three types of cloud
services: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.

15. Platform as a Service | PaaS
•Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment. It allows
programmers to easily create, test, run, and deploy web applications.
You can purchase these applications from a cloud service provider on
a pay-as-per-use basis and access them using an Internet connection.
In PaaS, back-end scalability is managed by the cloud service provider,
so end-users do not need to worry about managing the
infrastructure.

16. Services Provided by PaaS are

17. •Programming Languages:A variety of programming languages are supported by PaaS
providers, allowing developers to choose their favorite language to create apps.
Languages including Java, Python, Ruby,.NET, PHP, and Node.js are frequently supported.
•ApplicationFrameworks:Pre-configuredapplicationframeworksareofferedbyPaaS
platforms,whichstreamlinethedevelopmentprocess.Theseframeworksinclude
featureslikelibraries,APIs,andtoolsforquickdevelopment,layingthegroundworkfor
creatingscalableandreliableapplications.Popularapplicationframeworksinclude
Laravel,Django,RubyonRails,andSpringFramework.
•Databases:ManageddatabaseservicesareprovidedbyPaaSproviders,makingitsimple
fordeveloperstostoreandretrievedata.Theseservicessupportrelationaldatabases
(likeMySQL,PostgreSQL,andMicrosoftSQLServer)andNoSQLdatabases(like
MongoDB,Cassandra,andRedis).Foritsdatabaseservices,PaaSplatformsoftenoffer
automatedbackups,scalability,andmonitoringtools.
•AdditionalToolsandServices:PaaSprovidersprovidearangeofextratoolsandservices
toaidinthelifecycleofapplicationdevelopmentanddeployment.Thesemayconsistof
thefollowing:

18. •DevelopmentTools:tospeedupthedevelopmentprocess,theseincludeintegrateddevelopment
environments(IDEs),versioncontrolsystems,buildanddeploymenttools,anddebuggingtools.
•CollaborationandCommunication:PaaSplatformsfrequentlycomewithcapabilitiesforteam
collaboration,includingchatservices,sharedrepositories,andprojectmanagementsoftware.
•AnalyticsandMonitoring:PaaSprovidersmaygivetoolsfortrackingapplicationperformance,
examininguserbehaviordata,andproducinginsightstoimproveapplicationbehaviorand
addressproblems.
•SecurityandIdentityManagement:PaaSsystemscomewithbuilt-insecurityfeatureslikeaccess
control,encryption,andmechanismsforauthenticationandauthorizationtoprotecttheprivacy
ofapplicationsanddata.
•Scalabilityandloadbalancing:PaaSservicesfrequentlyofferautomaticscalingcapabilitiesthat
letapplicationsallocatemoreresourcesasneededtomanageaspikeintrafficordemand.To
improveperformanceandavailability,loadbalancingfeaturesdivideincomingrequestsamong
variousinstancesoftheapplication.

19. Paas Architecture:

21. Development and Deployment Tools:
•DevelopmentTools:Toassistdevelopersinwritingandtestingtheircode,PaaSprovidersprovideavarietyofdevelopmenttools,
includingintegrateddevelopmentenvironments(IDEs),softwaredevelopmentkits(SDKs),andprogramminglanguages.These
toolsarefrequentlyaccessibleviaaweb-basedinterface,makingusingthemfromanylocationsimple.
•ToolsforDeployment:PaaSprovidersoffertoolsfordeploymentthatmakeitsimplefordeveloperstouploadtheirappstothe
cloud.Thesetechnologiesautomateprocesseslikescalability,configurationmanagement,andcodedeployment.
•DatabaseAdministration:PaaScompaniesprovidetoolsandservicesfordatabasemanagementtoassistdevelopersincreating
andmaintainingtheirdatabases.Thiscomprisesbackupandrecoveryservicesandtoolsfordatabasedesign,migration,and
replication.
•IntegrationwithOtherServices:PaaScompaniesofferintegrationwithoutsideservices,includinganalyticsplatforms,messaging
services,andpaymentgateways.Thiseliminatestheneedforwritingproprietarycodeandenablesdeveloperstoquicklyintegrate
theseservicesintotheirapplications.
•Security:Toassistdevelopersinprotectingtheirappsanddata,PaaSprovidersoffersecuritytoolsandservices.Thisincludestools
likefirewalls,accesscontrols,andencryption,inadditiontoadherencetoregulatoryrequirementslikeGDPRandHIPAA.
•AnalyticalandMonitoringTools:TheseareprovidedbyPaaSproviderstoassistdevelopersinkeepingtrackofthefunctionalityof
theirappsandspottingproblems.Thesetechnologiesofferin-the-momentinsightsintoresourceuse,applicationusage,andother
indicators.

22. Advantages of PaaS
SimplifiedDevelopment
•PaaSallowsdeveloperstofocusondevelopmentandinnovationwithoutworryingaboutinfrastructure
management.
Lowerrisk
•Noneedforup-frontinvestmentinhardwareandsoftware.DevelopersonlyneedaPCandaninternet
connectiontostartbuildingapplications.
Prebuiltbusinessfunctionality
•SomePaaSvendorsalsoprovidealreadydefinedbusinessfunctionalitysothatuserscanavoidbuilding
everythingfromveryscratchandhencecandirectlystarttheprojectsonly.
Instantcommunity
PaaSvendorsfrequentlyprovideonlinecommunitieswherethedevelopercangetideas,shareexperiences,
andseekadvicefromothers.
Scalability
Applicationsdeployedcanscalefromonetothousandsofuserswithoutanychangestotheapplications.

23. Disadvantages of PaaS Loud Computing Layer
Vendorlock-in
•OnehastowritetheapplicationsaccordingtotheplatformprovidedbythePaaSvendor,sothe
migrationofanapplicationtoanotherPaaSvendorwouldbeaproblem.
DataPrivacy
•Corporatedata,whetheritcanbecriticalornot,willbeprivate,soifitisnotlocatedwithinthe
wallsofthecompany,therecanbeariskintermsofprivacyofdata.
Integrationwiththerestofthesystemsapplications
Itmayhappenthatsomeapplicationsarelocal,andsomeareinthecloud.Sotherewillbechances
ofincreasedcomplexitywhenwewanttousedatainthecloudwiththelocaldata.
•LimitedCustomizationandControl:Thedegreeofcustomizationandcontrolovertheunderlying
infrastructureisconstrainedbyPaaSplatforms'frequentprovisionofpre-configuredservicesand
theirrelativerigidity.
•OrganizationscanevaluatetheviabilityofPaaSsolutionsfortheiruniquerequirementsbytaking
intoaccountthesecharacteristics,aswellasthetrade-offsandpotentialdifficultiesinvolvedin
implementingsuchplatforms.

24. PaaS Providers

25. Providers Services
Google App Engine (GAE) App Identity, URL Fetch, Cloud
storage client library, Logservice
Salesforce.com Faster implementation, Rapid
scalability, CRM Services, Sales
cloud, Mobile connectivity,
Chatter.
Windows Azure Compute, security, IoT, Data
Storage.
AppFog Justcloud.com, SkyDrive,
GoogleDocs
Openshift RedHat, Microsoft Azure.
Cloud Foundry from VMware Data, Messaging, and other
services.

26. Software as a Service | SaaS
•SaaS is also known as "On-Demand Software." It is a software
distribution model in which services are hosted by a cloud service
provider. These services are available to end-users over the internet,
so the end-users do not need to install any software on their devices
to access these services.

27. Characteristics of SaaS:
•Web-basedDelivery:SaaSappscanbeaccessedfromanywherewithaninternetconnectionbecausethey
aresuppliedovertheinternet,oftenthroughawebbrowser.Usersnolongerneedtoinstallandmaintain
softwareprogramsontheirlocalmachinesasaresult.
•MultipleUsersor"tenants"canaccessSaaSapplicationsfromasingleinstanceoftheprogramthankstothe
conceptofmulti-tenancy.Asaresult,theprovidercanserveseveralclientswiththesameapplication
withoutadministeringuniqueprograminstancesforeveryclient.
•AutomaticUpdates:SaaSprovidersareinchargeofkeepingthesoftwareuptodateandmakingsurethat
everyonehasaccesstothenewestfeaturesandsecuritypatches.Usersarenolongerrequiredtomanually
installupdatesorfixesasaresult.
•Scalable:SaaSsystemsarescalable,whichcanreadilygroworshrinkinresponsetouserdemand.Thisfrees
upenterprisesfromworryingaboutinfrastructureorlicensingfeesandletsthemaddorremoveusersas
needed.
•PricingonaSubscriptionBasis:SaaSprogramsarefrequentlysoldusingasubscription-basedpricingmodel,
inwhichcustomerspayamonthlyoryearlypricetoaccesstheprogram.Asaresult,companieswon'tneed
toinvestsignificantlyinsoftwarelicensesupfront.
•DataSecurity,includingdataencryption,accessrestrictions,andbackups,istheresponsibilityofSaaS
providers.Usersnolongerneedtohandletheirowndatasecuritybecauseofthis.

28. Access to Software Applications Over the
Internet:
•Themajorityofthetime,SaaScompanieshostsoftwareprogramsontheirownserversand
providethemonline.Usingtheirlogininformation,userscanaccessthesoftwarethroughaweb
browserormobileapp,authenticatingandgainingaccesstoit.
•Usersdon'tneedtoinstallormaintainanysoftwareontheirlocalmachinesbecausetheprovider
hostsandmaintainsit.Asaresult,usersmayeasilyaccesstheprogramfromanylocationwithan
internetconnectionandonanydevicethatcanrunmobileappsorwebsurfing.
•Allusershaveaccesstothemostrecentfeaturesandsecurityupdatesbecausetheproviderisin
chargeofkeepingtheprogramupdatedandmaintained.Usersarenolongerrequiredto
manuallyinstallupdatesorfixesasaresult.
•Usersoftenpayamonthlyoryearlychargetoaccessthesoftwarethroughsubscription-based
SaaSproviders.Becausetheydon'thavetomakeasignificantupfrontinvestmentinsoftware
licenses,businessesareabletobudgetfortheirsoftwarecostsmoreeffectivelyasaresult.
•Ingeneral,SaaSgivesenterprisesapracticalwaytouseandaccesssoftwareprogramswithout
havingtoworryaboutinfrastructureorsoftwareupkeep.Providersareinchargeofkeepingthe
softwareuptodatesothatallusershaveaccesstothenewestfeaturesandsecuritypatches.
Userscanaccessthesoftwarefromanylocationwithaninternetconnection.

29. Pricing Models: Subscription or User-Based
•MostSaaScompaniesuseasubscription-basedpricingstructure;however,somemay
alsoprovideausage-basedpricingstructure.Usersthatchooseasubscription-based
pricingmodelfortheirsoftwareaccesspayasetmonthlyoryearlycharge.
•Thecostmayvaryaccordingtotheusageofthesoftware'scapabilitiesorthenumberof
users.Businessesbenefitfrompredictabilityandconsistencythankstothisstrategy
becausetheycanmoreefficientlybudgetfortheirsoftwareexpenses.
•Inausage-basedpricingmodel,thecostsaredeterminedbyhowtheprogramisactually
used,suchasthevolumeofdataprocessed,thenumberofAPIrequests,orthenumber
oftransactions.
•Forcompanieswitherraticusagepatternsorthosethatonlywanttheprogram
sometimes,thismodelmaybemoreadaptableandeconomical.
•Accordingtotheirbusinessstrategyandthedemandsoftheirclients,SaaSprovidersmay
offereitherasubscription-basedorausage-basedpricingplan.SaaSoffersorganizations
acost-effectiveoptiontoaccessandusesoftwareproductswithouthavingtoworry
aboutinfrastructureorsoftwaremaintenance,regardlessofthepricemodel.

30. Services Provided by SaaS:
•Business Services-SaaS Provider provides various business services to start up the business. The
SaaS business services include ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship
Management), billing, and sales.
•DocumentManagement-SaaSdocumentmanagementisasoftwareapplicationofferedbya
thirdparty(SaaSprovider)tocreate,manage,andtrackelectronicdocuments.
•Examples:Slack,Samepage,Box,andZohoForms.
•SocialNetworks-Asweallknow,socialnetworkingsitesareusedbythegeneralpublic,sosocial
networkingserviceprovidersuseSaaSfortheirconvenienceandhandlethegeneralpublic's
information.
•MailServices-Tohandletheunpredictablenumberofusersandloadone-mailservices,manye-
mailprovidersoffertheirservicesusingSaaS.
•CollaborationTools:SaaScompaniesprovidecollaborationsolutionsthatletteamscollaborate
effectivelynomatterwheretheyarephysicallylocated.Platformsforprojectmanagement,apps
forteamcommunication,andfile-sharingservicesaresomeoftheseresources.
•Examples include Slack, Microsoft Office 365, and Google Workspace (formerly G Suite).

31. •HumanResourcesManagement:SaaS-basedHRmanagementsystemsgivecompaniestoolstosimplifykey
HRprocedures,suchasemployeeonboarding,payrolladministration,timekeeping,performancereviews,
andemployeeself-serviceportals.
•Workday,BambooHR,andADPWorkforceNow,asexamples.
•CustomerSupportandHelpDesk:SaaSplatformsprovidecustomersupportandhelpdesksolutionsthat
enablefirmstomanagecustomerinquiries,tracksupporttickets,andpromptlyaddresscustomerissues.
•Forinstance,SalesforceServiceCloud,Freshdesk,andZendesk.
•MarketingandSalesAutomation:Toincreaseproductivityandboostincome,firmscanautomatemarketing
campaigns,leadgeneration,customerrelationshipmanagement,andsalesactivitiesusingSaaSmarketing
andsalesautomationtechnologies.
•ExamplesincludeMarketo,Pardot,andHubSpot.
•E-commercePlatforms:SaaS-basede-commerceplatformsmakeitsimplerforbusinessestolaunchandrun
onlinestorefronts,maintainproductcatalogs,handlepayments,andkeeptrackoforders.
•Examples include WooCommerce (a WordPress plugin), BigCommerce, and Shopify.

32. Advantages of SaaS Cloud Computing
•SaaSiseasytobuy:SaaSpricingisbasedonamonthlyfeeorannualfeesubscription,soitallowsorganizationstoaccessbusiness
functionalityatalowcost,whichislessthanlicensedapplications.Unliketraditionalsoftware,whichissoldasalicensedbase
withanup-frontcost(andoftenanoptionalongoingsupportfee),SaaSprovidersaregenerallypricingtheapplicationsusinga
subscriptionfee,mostcommonlyamonthlyorannualfee.
•OnetoMany:SaaSservicesareofferedasaone-to-manymodelmeansasingleinstanceoftheapplicationissharedbymultiple
users.
•LesshardwarerequiredforSaaS:Thesoftwareishostedremotely,soorganizationsdonotneedtoinvestinadditionalhardware.
•LowmaintenancerequiredforSaaS:Softwareasaserviceremovestheneedforinstallation,set-up,anddailymaintenancefor
organizations.Theinitialset-upcostforSaaSistypicallylessthantheenterprisesoftware.SaaSvendorsarepricingtheir
applicationsbasedonsomeusageparameters,suchasthenumberofusersusingtheapplication.SoSaaSdoeseasytomonitor
andautomaticupdates
•Nospecialsoftwareorhardwareversionsarerequired:Alluserswillhavethesameversionofthesoftwareandtypicallyaccessit
throughthewebbrowser.SaaSreducesITsupportcostsbyoutsourcinghardwareandsoftwaremaintenanceandsupporttothe
IaaSprovider.
•Multidevicesupport:SaaSservicescanbeaccessedfromanydevice,suchasdesktops,laptops,tablets,phones,andthinclients
•APIIntegration:SaaSserviceseasilyintegratewithothersoftwareorservicesthroughstandardAPIs
•Noclient-sideinstallation:SaaSservicesareaccesseddirectlyfromtheserviceproviderusinganinternetconnection,sotheydo
notneedtorequireanysoftwareinstallation.

33. Disadvantages of SaaS Cloud Computing
•Security:Actually, data is stored in the cloud, so security may be an issue for some
users. However, cloud computing is not more secure than in-house deployment.
•Latency issue:Since data and applications are stored in the cloud at a variable
distance from the end-user, there is a possibility that there may be greater
latency when interacting with the application compared to local deployment.
Therefore, the SaaS model is not suitable for applications whose demand
response time is in milliseconds.
•Total Dependency on the Internet:Withoutan internet connection, most SaaS
applications are not usable.
•Switching between SaaS vendors is difficult:SwitchingSaaS vendors involves the
difficult and slow task of transferring very large data files over the internet and
then converting and importing them into another SaaS also.

34. Popular SaaS Providers

35. Provider Services
Salseforce.com On-demand CRM solutions
Microsoft Office 365 Online office suite
Google Apps Gmail, Google Calendar, Docs, and
sites
NetSuite ERP, accounting, order management,
CRM, Professionals Services
Automation (PSA), and e-commerce
applications.
GoToMeeting Online meeting and video-
conferencing software
Constant Contact E-mail marketing, online survey, and
event marketing
Oracle CRM CRM applications
Workday, Inc Human capital management, payroll,
and financial management.

36. Types of Cloud
•Cloudcomputingisarevolutionarytechnologytransforminghowwestore,access,andprocess
data.Itsimplyreferstodeliveringcomputingresources,suchasservers,storage,databases,
software,andapplications,overtheInternet.Cloudcomputingusesanetworkofremote
computersystemshousedonthenettosaveandprocessdataratherthanrelyingonphysical
infrastructure.
•Cloudservicecompaniesuseadvancedsecuritytechniques,whichincludeencryption,firewalls,
andaccessrestrictions,tosecureyourdatafromunauthorizedaccess.Moreover,becauseyour
informationissavedinthecloud,itissecureevenifyournearbydevicesaredamaged,misplaced,
orstolen.Redundancyandcloudbackupsguaranteethatyourdatamayberestoredpromptlyand
effectivelyincaseofanyunexpectedsituations.

37. Public Cloud
•Public clouds are managed by third parties which provide cloud
services over the internet to the public, these services are available
as pay-as-you-go billing models.
•They offer solutions for minimizing IT infrastructure costs and
become a good option for handling peak loads on the local
infrastructure. Public clouds are the go-to option for small
enterprises, which can start their businesses without large upfront
investments by completely relying on public infrastructure for their
IT needs.
•The fundamental characteristics of public clouds aremultitenancy.
A public cloud is meant to serve multiple users, not a single
customer. A user requires a virtual computing environment that is
separated, and most likely isolated, from other users.

38. Example:.
•Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2), IBM SmartCloudEnterprise,
Microsoft, Google App Engine, Windows Azure Services Platform

39. Characteristics of Public Cloud
•Accessibility:Publiccloudservicesareavailabletoanyonewithaninternetconnection.Userscanaccess
theirdataandprogramsatanytimeandfromanywhere.
•SharedInfrastructure:Severaluserssharetheinfrastructureinpubliccloudsettings.Costreductionsand
effectiveresourceusearemadepossiblebythis.
•Scalability:Byusingthepubliccloud,userscaneasilyadjusttheresourcestheyneedbasedontheir
requirements,allowingforquickscalingupordown.
•Pay-per-Usage:Whenusingthepubliccloud,paymentisbasedonusage,sousersonlypayfortheresources
theyactuallyuse.Thishelpsoptimizecostsandeliminatestheneedforupfrontinvestments.
•ManagedbyServiceProviders:Cloudserviceprovidersmanageandmaintainpubliccloudinfrastructure.
Theyhandlehardwaremaintenance,softwareupdates,andsecuritytasks,relievingusersofthese
responsibilities.
•ReliabilityandRedundancy:Publiccloudprovidersensurehighreliabilitybyimplementingredundant
systemsandmultipledatacenters.Bydoingthis,theprobabilityoflosingdataandexperiencingservice
disruptionsisreduced.
•SecurityMeasures:Publiccloudprovidersimplementrobustsecuritymeasurestoprotectuserdata.These
includeencryption,accesscontrols,andregularsecurityaudits.

40. Advantages of Public Cloud
•Publiccloudisownedatalowercostthantheprivateandhybridcloud.
•Publiccloudismaintainedbythecloudserviceprovider,sodonotneedtoworryabout
themaintenance.
•Publiccloudiseasiertointegrate.Henceitoffersabetterflexibilityapproachto
consumers.
•Publiccloudislocationindependentbecauseitsservicesaredeliveredthroughthe
internet.
•Publiccloudishighlyscalableaspertherequirementofcomputingresources.
•Itisaccessiblebythegeneralpublic,sothereisnolimittothenumberofusers.
•Rapiddeploymentofservicesandapplications.
•Reducedtimeandeffortinhardwareprocurementandsetup.
•Thecloudprovideroffersarangeofservicesandresourcesthatyoucanavailof.
•Built-inredundancyandresilienceforenhancedreliability.

41. Disadvantages of Public Cloud
•PublicCloudislesssecurebecauseresourcesaresharedpublicly.
•Performancedependsuponthehigh-speedinternetnetworklinktothecloudprovider.
•Thedataisnotunderthecontroloftheclient.
•Dependencyonthecloudserviceproviderforavailabilityandservicelevelagreements.
•Compliancechallengesinmeetingindustry-specificregulationsandstandards.
•Riskofvendorlock-inandlimitedportabilityofapplicationsanddata.
•Concernsaboutdataprivacyandconfidentiality.
•Potentialforunexpectedcostswithusage-basedpricingmodels.
•Lackofcustomizationoptionsandflexibilitycomparedtoprivateorhybridcloud
environments.
•Reliancetothecloudprovider'ssupportandresponsivenessforissueresolution.

42. Private Cloud
•Private cloud is also known as aninternal cloudorcorporate cloud. It
is used by organizations to build and manage their own data centers
internally or by the third party. It can be deployed using Opensource
tools such as Openstackand Eucalyptus.
•Examples:VMware vSphere, OpenStack, Microsoft Azure Stack,
Oracle Cloud at Customer, and IBM Cloud Private.

43. Characteristics of Private Cloud
•ExclusiveUse:Privatecloudisdedicatedtoasingleorganization,ensuringtheresourcesandservicesare
tailoredtoitsneeds.Itislikehavingapersonalcloudenvironmentexclusivelyforthatorganization.
•ControlandSecurity:Privatecloudoffersorganizationshighercontrolandsecuritythanpubliccloud
options.Organizationshavemorecontroloverdatagovernance,accesscontrols,andsecuritymeasures.
•CustomizationandFlexibility:Privatecloudallowsorganizationstocustomizetheinfrastructureaccordingto
theirspecificrequirements.Theycanconfigureresources,networks,andstoragetooptimizeperformance
andefficiency.
•ScalabilityandResourceAllocation:Theprivatecloudcanscaleandallocateresources.Accordingto
demand,businessesmayscaleupordowntheirinfrastructure,effectivelyusingtheirresources.
•Performanceanddependability:Privatecloudsgivebusinessesmorecontrolovertheinfrastructureatthe
foundation,improvingperformanceanddependability.
•ComplianceandRegulatoryRequirements:Organizationsmaymoreeasilyfulfillcertaincomplianceand
regulatorystandardsusingtheprivatecloud.Itprovidesthefreedomtoputinplacestrongsecurity
measures,followdataresidencylaws,andfollowindustry-specificnorms.
•HybridCloudIntegration:Privatecloudcanbeintegratedwithpubliccloudservices,formingahybridcloud
infrastructure.Thisintegrationallowsorganizationstoleveragethebenefitsofbothprivateandpublic
clouds.

44. Advantages of Private Cloud
•Privatecloudprovidesahighlevelofsecurityandprivacytotheusers.
•Privatecloudoffersbetterperformancewithimprovedspeedandspacecapacity.
•ItallowstheITteamtoquicklyallocateanddeliveron-demandITresources.
•Theorganizationhasfullcontroloverthecloudbecauseitismanagedbythe
organizationitself.So,thereisnoneedfortheorganizationtodependsonanybody.
•Itissuitablefororganizationsthatrequireaseparatecloudfortheirpersonaluseand
datasecurityisthefirstpriority.
•Customizabletomeetspecificbusinessneedsandcomplianceregulations.
•Higherreliabilityanduptimecomparedtopubliccloudenvironments.
•Seamlessintegrationwithexistingon-premisessystemsandapplications.
•Bettercomplianceandgovernancecapabilitiesforindustry-specificregulations.
•Enhancedflexibilityinresourceallocationandapplicationdeployment.

45. Disadvantages of Private Cloud
•Skilledpeoplearerequiredtomanageandoperatecloudservices.
•Privatecloudisaccessiblewithintheorganization,sotheareaofoperationsislimited.
•Privatecloudisnotsuitablefororganizationsthathaveahighuserbase,andorganizationsthat
donothavetheprebuiltinfrastructure,sufficientmanpowertomaintainandmanagethecloud.
•Higherupfrontcostsandongoingmaintenanceexpenses.
•Scalingresourcescanbechallengingcomparedtopublicorhybridcloudoptions.
•ReliesoninternalITstaffformanagementandtroubleshooting.
•Slowerdeploymenttimelinesandimplementationcomparedtopubliccloudsolutions.
•Limitedaccesstothelatestadvancementsandinnovationsofferedbypubliccloudproviders.
•Reducedflexibilityandagilitycomparedtopubliccloudoptions.
•Challengesinkeepingupwithhardwareandsoftwareupgradesandcompatibility.
•Higherrisksoftechnologybecomingoutdatedandtheneedforregularinfrastructureupdates.

46. Hybrid Cloud
•Hybrid Cloud is a combination of the public cloud and the private cloud.
•Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the services which are running on
the public cloud can be accessed by anyone, while the services which are
running on a private cloud can be accessed only by the organization's
users. In a hybrid cloud setup, organizations can leverage the benefits of
both public and private clouds to create a flexible and scalable computing
environment. The public cloud portion allows using cloud services provided
by third-party providers, accessible over the Internet.
•Example:Google Application Suite (Gmail, Google Apps, and Google Drive),
Office 365 (MS Office on the Web and One Drive), Amazon Web Services.

47. Characteristics of Hybrid Cloud
•IntegrationofPublicandPrivateClouds:Hybridcloudseamlesslyintegratespublicandprivateclouds,allowingorganizationsto
leveragebothadvantages.Itprovidesaunifiedplatformwhereworkloadsanddatacanbedeployedandmanagedacrossboth
environments.
•FlexibilityandScalability:Hybridcloudoffersresourceallocationandscalabilityflexibility.Organizationscandynamicallyscale
theirinfrastructurebyutilizingadditionalresourcesfromthepubliccloudwhilemaintainingcontrolovercriticalworkloadsonthe
privatecloud.
•EnhancedSecurityandControl:Hybridcloudallowsorganizationstomaintainhighersecurityandcontrolovertheirsensitivedata
andcriticalapplications.Privatecloudcomponentsprovideasecureanddedicatedenvironment,whilepubliccloudresourcescan
beusedfornon-sensitivetasks,ensuringabalancedapproachtodataprotection.
•CostOptimization:Hybridcloudenablesorganizationstooptimizecostsbyutilizingthecost-effectivepubliccloudfornon-
sensitiveworkloadswhilekeepingmission-criticalapplicationsanddataonthemorecost-efficientprivatecloud.Thisapproach
allowsforefficientresourceallocationandcostmanagement.
•DataandApplicationPortability:Organizationscanmoveworkloadsanddatabetweenpublicandprivatecloudsasneededwitha
hybridcloud.Thisportabilityoffersagilityandtheabilitytoadapttochangingbusinessrequirements,ensuringoptimal
performanceandresponsiveness.
•ComplianceandRegulatoryCompliance:Hybridcloudhelpsorganizationsaddresscomplianceandregulatoryrequirementsmore
effectively.Sensitivedataandapplicationscanbekeptwithintheprivatecloud,ensuringcompliancewithindustry-specific
regulationswhileleveragingthepubliccloudforothernon-sensitiveoperations.
•DisasterRecoveryandBusinessContinuity:Hybridcloudfacilitatesrobustdisasterrecoveryandbusinesscontinuitystrategies.
Organizationscanreplicatecriticaldataandapplicationsbetweentheprivateandpublicclouds,ensuringredundancyand
minimizingtheriskofdatalossorservicedisruptions.

48. Advantages of Hybrid Cloud
•Hybridcloudissuitablefororganizationsthatrequiremoresecuritythanthepubliccloud.
•Hybridcloudhelpsyoutodelivernewproductsandservicesmorequickly.
•Hybridcloudprovidesanexcellentwaytoreducetherisk.
•Hybridcloudoffersflexibleresourcesbecauseofthepubliccloudandsecureresourcesbecauseofthe
privatecloud.
•Hybridfacilitatesseamlessintegrationbetweenon-premisesinfrastructureandcloudenvironments.
•Hybridprovidesgreatercontroloversensitivedataandcompliancerequirements.
•Hybridenablesefficientworkloaddistributionbasedonspecificneedsandperformancerequirements.
•Hybridofferscostoptimizationbyallowingorganizationstochoosethemostsuitablecloudplatformfor
differentworkloads.
•Hybridenhancesbusinesscontinuityanddisasterrecoverycapabilitieswithprivateandpubliccloud
resources.
•Hybridsupportshybridcloudarchitecture,allowingapplicationsanddatatobedeployedacrossmultiple
cloudenvironmentsbasedontheiruniquerequirements.

49. Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud
•InHybridCloud,securityfeatureisnotasgoodastheprivatecloud.
•Managingahybridcloudiscomplexbecauseitisdifficulttomanagemorethanonetypeofdeployment
model.
•Inthehybridcloud,thereliabilityoftheservicesdependsoncloudserviceproviders.
•Potentialchallengesindataintegrationandensuringseamlessconnectivitybetweendifferentcloud
platforms.
•Highercostsduetotheneedformanagingandintegratingmultiplecloudenvironments.
•Increasedcomplexityindatagovernanceandcompliancemanagementacrossdifferentcloudproviders.
•Dependencyonstableandhigh-bandwidthinternetconnectionsforefficienthybridcloudoperations.
•Potentialcompatibilityissuesbetweenvariouscloudplatformsandapplications.
•Riskofvendorlock-inandlimitedportabilityofapplicationsanddataacrossdifferentcloudproviders.
•RequiresskilledITstaffwithexpertiseinmanaginghybridcloudenvironments.

50. Community Cloud
•Communitycloudallowssystemsandservicestobeaccessiblebya
groupofseveralorganizationstosharetheinformationbetweenthe
organizationandaspecificcommunity.Itisowned,managed,and
operatedbyoneormoreorganizationsinthecommunity,athird
party,oracombinationofthem.
•Inacommunitycloudsetup,theparticipatingorganizations,which
canbefromthesameindustry,governmentsector,oranyother
community,collaboratetoestablishasharedcloudinfrastructure.
Thisinfrastructureallowsthemtoaccesssharedservices,
applications,anddatarelevanttotheircommunity.
•Example:HealthCarecommunitycloud

51. Characteristics of Community Cloud
•SharedInfrastructure:Communitycloudprovidesasharedinfrastructureaccessibletoaspecificcommunityoforganizations.The
participatingorganizationscanleveragethiscommoncloudinfrastructuretomeettheirsharedcomputingneedsandobjectives.
•Community-specificServices:Thecommunitycloudprovidesresources,apps,andservicesadaptedtotheparticipating
organizations'demands.Theseservicesarecreatedtomeetthecommunity'sspecificrequirementsanddifficultieswhile
promotingeffectivecommunicationandinformationexchange.
•CommunityOwnershipandManagement:Thecommunitycloudisowned,managed,andoperatedbyoneormoreorganizations
fromthecommunity,athirdparty,oracombinationofboth.Theinvolvedorganizationshaveasayinthegovernanceand
decision-makingprocedurestoensurethatthecloudinfrastructuremeetstheirsharedobjectives.
•EnhancedSecurityandCompliance:Communitycloudemphasizessecurityandcompliancemeasuresrelevanttothespecific
community.Itallowsforimplementingrobustsecuritycontrols,accessmanagement,andcomplianceframeworksthatmeetthe
community'sregulatoryrequirementsandindustrystandards.
•CostSharingandEfficiency:Participatingorganizationsinacommunitycloudbenefitfromcostsharing.Bysharingthe
infrastructureandresources,thecostsassociatedwithestablishingandmaintainingthecloudenvironmentaredistributedamong
thecommunitymembers.Thisleadstocostefficiencyandreducedfinancialburdenforindividualorganizations.
•CollaborationandKnowledgeSharing:Thecommunitycloudencouragescommunicationandinformationexchangeamongst
participatingbusinesses.Itgivescommunitymembersaforumforprojectcollaboration,informationsharing,andresource
exploitation.Thisencouragescreativity,education,andeffectivenesswithintheneighborhood.
•ScalabilityandFlexibility:Communitycloudenablesorganizationstoscaleuporreducetheirresourcesinresponsetodemand.
Thisallowsthecommunitytoadjusttoshiftingcomputingrequirementsandefficientlyusecloudresourcesasneeded.

52. Advantages of Community Cloud
•Communitycloudiscost-effectivebecausethewholecloudisbeingsharedbyseveralorganizationsor
communities.
•Communitycloudissuitablefororganizationsthatwanttohaveacollaborativecloudwithmoresecurity
featuresthanthepubliccloud.
•Itprovidesbettersecuritythanthepubliccloud.
•Itprovdescollaborativeanddistributiveenvironment.
•Communitycloudallowsustosharecloudresources,infrastructure,andothercapabilitiesamongvarious
organizations.
•Offerscustomizationoptionstomeettheuniqueneedsandrequirementsofthecommunity.
•Simplifiescompliancewithindustry-specificregulationsandstandardsthroughsharedsecuritymeasures.
•Providesscalabilityandflexibility,allowingorganizationstoscaleresourcesbasedonchangingdemands.
•Promotesefficientresourceutilization,reducingwastage,andoptimizingperformancewithinthe
community.
•Enablesorganizationstoleveragesharedexpertiseandexperiences,leadingtoimproveddecision-making
andproblem-solving.

53. Disadvantages of Community Cloud
•Communitycloudisnotagoodchoiceforeveryorganization.
•Securityfeaturesarenotasgoodastheprivatecloud.
•Itisnotsuitableifthereisnocollaboration.
•Thefixedamountofdatastorageandbandwidthissharedamongallcommunitymembers.
•Challengesinensuringconsistentperformanceandavailabilitywhenmultipleorganizationsshare
thesameresources.
•Limitedscalabilityoptionsasthesharedresourcesdeterminethecommunitycloud'scapacity.
•Potentialconflictsofinterestamongcommunitymembersregardingresourceallocationand
usage.
•Transparentgovernanceandagreementframeworksarerequiredtoaddresspotentialdisputes
andensurefairresourcedistribution.
•Inadequatetechnicalsupportandservicelevelagreements(SLAs)comparedtoprivateorpublic
cloudoptions.