Clove presentation

Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.

1. CLOVE PRESENTED BY :-ANAS HARUNA INDABAWA DEPARTMENT OF PHARMANCY, SHIATS.

2. Cloves

3. CLOVE SYNONYMS Caryophyllum Clove buds Clove flower Lavang (Hindi) Laving ( Guj ) BIOLOGICAL SOURCE It consists of a dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllus

4. CLOVE FAMILY :- Myrtaceae GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:- Clove tree is a native of Mollucca Island (present in indonesia ).At present clove is mainly cultivated in Island of Zanzibar Pemba Amboiana and Sumatra. It is also found in Madagascar, Penang, Mauritius, West Indies, Ceylon.

5. Cultivation and collection Deep rich loamy soil with high humus content is suitable for clove cultivation. It is also found growing favorable in open sandy loam and laterite soils of south kerala region. Water logging of soil must be avoided. It needs warm humid climate and grow well in in the vicinity of see. The annual rainfall in the range of 150-250cm is another requirement for the cultivation of clove. It is propagated by seed germination .The seedlings of clove are slendered and delicate, with poor growing rate. After six months, they are tranplanted to a pots where they are allowed to grow for a year. Thereafter, they are again transferred to the field and are provided with the shade in initial stage of growth. Clove can also be grown with arecanut , coconut or nutmeg plans.

6. Chemical constituents C love consist of about: Volatile oil (15-20%) Eugenol (70-90%) Acetyl Eugenol α , β - Caryopyllene Tannins Other substances mainly methyl furfural and dimethyl furfural.

7. Microscopic character COLOUR:- Dark Brown ODOUR:-Aromatic, Strong Spicy TASTE:-Aromatic, Pungent, Bitter and Spicy SIZE:-Length (12-17mm), Diameter (3-4mm) SHAPE:-Globular, depressed at the base, pericarp is reticular wrinkled, bears triradiate stigma, with slender stalk about 4 mm long. It contains only one seed. Initially it is white and hollow.

8. Microscopic character

9. CHEMICAL TEST dissolve a drop of clove oil in 5ml of alcohol and add a drop of ferric chloride solution. blue colour is seen because of phenolic OH group of Eugenol Take a powder of clove and add it sudan (iii), Red colour ppt is formed. Treat a thick section of hypanthium’s clove with 50% potassium hydroxide solution. Needle shape crystals of potassium Eugenate are seen. prepare a decoction of clove and add it ferric chloride solution. Blue-black colour is formed because of the tannin.

10. USES Antiseptic Carminative Flavoring agent Stimulant Local anesthetic ( Eugenol ) Spice Oil in perfumery Uses in toothache, dental preparations and mouth washes Clove oil and zinc oxide are used in temporary filling of dental cavities.

11. adulterant Exhausted clove : Volatile oil is partly or completely removed.as a result buds appear darker in color, shrunken in form and yields no oil. Mother cloves ( anthophylli ) are the ripe fruits of cloves that are ovoid, brown berries, unilocular and one-seeded. This can be detected by the presence of much starch in the seeds. They also contain volatile oil but only about 3-5%. Brown cloves are expanded flowers from which both corolla and stamens have been detached . Clove stalks  are slender stems of the inflorescence axis that show opposite  decussate  branching. Externally, they are brownish, rough, and irregularly wrinkled longitudinally with short fracture and dry, woody texture.

12. reference C.K Kokate , A.P. Purohit , S.B. Gokhale ; “Pharmacognosy”49 th edition,Nirali prakashan , january (2014) page no.14.83-14.86 . DR. M.K Gupta, DR.P.K.Sharma ; “text book of pharmacognosy ” volume 1, Pragati prakashan,meerut . Third edition (2010).page no. 68-73. "Clove". MedlinePlus , U.S. National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health. 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014 .