CM02_Life and Works of Rizal (As Rizal's Context)-1.pdf

An overview of Rizal's life.

1. as Rizal’s Context
The Philippines in the19th Century
Life and Works of Rizal: CM02

2. ◦Instability of the Colonial Administration◦Corrupt Officials◦Philippine Representation in the Spanish Cortes◦Denied Human Rights◦No Equality before the Law
The Philippines of Rizal’s Time

3. ◦Maladministration of Justice◦Racial Discrimination◦Frailocracy◦Forced Labor◦Haciendas Owned by Friars◦The Guardia Civil
The Philippines of Rizal’s Time

4. ◦Instability of Spanish politics marked the beginning of political chaos in Spain
◦This, of course, affected the Philippines since we were a colony of Spain
◦The frequent changes hampered political and economic development.
Instability of the Colonial Administration

5. ◦Rafael de Izquierdo – unjust execution of GomBurZa
◦Jose Malcampo – a good Moro fighter but a weak and inept administrator
◦Primo de Rivera - enriched himself by accepting bribes
Corrupt Officials

6. ◦Valeriano Weyler – arrived in Manila poor, returned to Spain a millionaire
◦Camilo de Polavieja – good militarist but heartless governor. HeOrdered the execution of Jose Rizal
◦Most colonial officials in the Philippines were either relatives or proteges of those already in power
Corrupt Officials

7. ◦The Philippines was granted representation in the Spanish Cortes. This was done in order to win support of the overseas colonies during the Napoleonic Invasion
◦1810 – 1813 was the Philippines first period of representation
◦Ventura de los Reyes was the first Philippine delegate. He took active part in the framing of the Cadiz Constitution
Philippine Representation in the Spanish Cortes

8. ◦Since the adoption of the Cadiz Constitution and other succeeding constitutions, the people of Spain enjoyed the following:◦Freedom of Speech◦Freedom of the Press◦Freedom of association◦And other human rights
Denied Human Rights to Filipinos

9. ◦Strangely, rights enjoyed by Spanish citizens were denied to the Filipinos. This inconsistency was lamented by Sinibaldo de Mas, a spanish diplomat and economist
"Why do we fall into an anomaly such as combining our claim for liberty for ourselves, and our wish to impose our law on remote peoples?”
Denied Human Rights to Filipinos

10. ◦The Spaniards, who introduced Christianity to the Philippines in the 16th century, taught that all men, regardless of color and race, are all children of God
◦In practice however, the Christian Spanish authorities did not implement this especially during the last decade of Spanish rule.
No Equality Before the Law

11. ◦They regarded the brown-skinned Filipinos as inferior, not their Christian brothers. They may be equal to God, but not before the law and in practice
No Equality Before the Law

12. Maladministration of Justice

13. ◦Spanish political philosophy of union of the church and state
◦Controlled religious and educational life, and later acquired tremendous political power, influence, and riches
Frailorcracy

14. ◦Known as the polo, this is the compulsory labor imposed on all adult males in the construction of churches, schools, hospitals; building and repair of bridges; building of ships; and other public works
◦The Filipinos hated forced labor
Forced Labor

15. ◦The religious orders owned the best agricultural lands in the Philippines
◦The friar haciendas became hotbed of agrarian rebellion
◦The Filipino tenants saw the friars as usurpers of their land
Haciendas Owned by Friars

16. ◦One of the most hated symbol of Spanish tyranny
◦They became infamous for their rampant abuses such as maltreatment of innocents, looting livestock, and raping
The Guardia Civil

17. Maraming Salamat!
Questions and discussions are now open.