CN word documentary lec 8 (Ip addressing).pptx

1. Computer Networks IP addressing Course Title: Computer Networks Instructor: Tahira Malik (Lecturer) Email Address: [email protected] Department of Computer Science Term (Semester): Fall 2020 1

2. I P ADDRESSING 1

3. Binary 2 All digital electronics use a binary method for communication. Binary can be expressed using only two values: 0 or 1.

4. Converting Binary to Decimal 3 First, moving from right to left, create a chart that starts at the decimal number 1 and then double it 7 times. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

5. Converting Binary to Decimal 4 Given a binary number, place the number under the chart (right justified). 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Add the numbers together to arrive at a final decimal amount. 128 + 32 + 16 + 2 + 1 = 179

6. Converting Decimal to Binary 5 Find the largest number that is equal to or less than the number you are converting to binary. If our example number is 220, the largest number that is equal to or less than 220 is 128. Place a 1 under that space on the chart. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

7. Converting Decimal to Binary 6 Next, subtract that number from the original decimal number. Subtracting 128 from 220 gives us 92. Repeat this process until we have a subtracted result of 0. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

8. Counting in Binary 7 0 + 1 = 1 1 + 1 = 10 (carry the 1) 10 + 1 = 11 11 + 1 = 100 100 + 1 = 101 101 + 1 = 110 110 + 1 = 111

9. Binary Counting Chart 8 1 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 1001 10 1010 11 1011 12 1100 13 1101 14 1110 15 1111 16 10000 17 10001 18 10010 19 10011 20 10100

10. Addressing Principles 9 Logical addresses in TCP/IP are 32 bits in length. To make addressing more humanly manageable, the 32 bits are broken into four 8 bit octets. We separate the octets by using a period symbol – 135.87.252.57. This is referred to as dotted decimal notation.

11. Dotted-decimal notation 10

12. TCP/IP Host 11 A host is a device that has a network interface card connected to a network. If a device has two network interfaces, it should be considered two separate hosts. Each host that is attached to a TCP/IP network must have a unique TCP/IP address.

13. TCP/IP Addresses 12 . 133.120.75.8 8 6 131.10 7.0.0 131.107.3.27 133.12 0.0.0 129.102.12.7 129.102.0.0 129.102.16 .2 9 9 4 MARIA AVE

14. TCP/IP Addresses 13 IP Addresses divided into two parts (network address and host address) : Network ID or Net ID Analogous to a street address. Host ID Analogous to a house or building number. TCP/IP Addresses are hierarchical addresses (combination of location ID and host ID) as opposed to flat addresses (e.g. MAC address).

15. Example 1 Change the following IP addresses from binary notation to dotted-decimal notation. a. 10000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 b. 11111001 10011011 11111011 00001111 Solution We replace each group of 8 bits with its equivalent decimal number and add dots for separation: a. 129.11.11.239 b. 249.155.251.15 14

16. Example 2 Change the following IP addresses from dotted-decimal notation to binary notation. a. 111.56.45.78 b. 75.45.34.78 Solution We replace each decimal number with its binary equivalent a. 01101111 00111000 00101101 01001110 b. 01001011 00101101 00100010 01001110 15

17. In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. Not e : 16

18. Finding the class in binary notation 17

19. Finding the address class 18

20. Example 3 Find the class of each address: a. 0000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 b. 1111 0011 10011011 11111011 00001111 Solution The first bit is 0; this is a class A address. The first 4 bits are 1s; this is a class E address. 19

21. Finding the Class in decimal Notation 20

22. Questions Any Question Please? You can contact me at: [email protected] Your Query will be answered within one working day. 22

23. Thanks 23