CO-RAD

This ppt is all about the test by which we can detect covid virus , RT-PCR, Rapid antigen test,CT Chest all 3 test are properly mentioned .
The importance of Ct in covid and how to check the level of severity by CORAD .
This also involves comparision between CT and RT-PCCR in case of Covid.

1. CO-RAD DEEPAK NEGI MRIT TMU

2. CONTENT COVID-19 DETECTION OF COVID-19 RAPID ANTIBODY TEST RT-PCR TEST CT CHEST SCAN CT PROTOCOLS FOR COVID PATIENT CO-RAD CONCLUSION

3. COVID-19 COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 ( severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ), a strain of coronavirus. The first cases were seen in Wuhan ,CHINA in December 2019. Spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose .

4. DETECTION OF COVID-19 RT-PCR ( reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) RAPID ANTIBODY TEST CHEST CT SCAN

5. RT-PCR A PCR is performed to detect genetic material from a specific organism such as a virus . 3 key steps to COVID-19 test SAMPLE COLLECTION EXTRACTION PCR (THERMAL CYCLER)

6. RAPID ANTIBODY TEST

7. CT CHEST SCAN CT scanning is a fast, painless, noninvasive and accurate radiological examination. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest  is a cross-sectional evaluation of the heart, airways, lungs, mediastinum, and associated bones and soft tissues.

8. Continue HRCT (High-resolution computed tomography) is the most preferred method for COVID-19 cases. NCCT (non-enhanced computed tomography ) for severe patients . CECT (contrast enhanced computed tomography) in case if there is complain of pulmonary hypertension. EVALUATION CRITERIA- (1) Site of lung involvement (2) Universally agreed CT findings with COVID-19 including ground-glass opacities (GGO) with or without consolidative changes in addition to special signs such as “Atoll sign” and “Crazy paving pattern” [ 3 ] Manifestations of bronchial or pleural involvement.

9. CT PROTOCOLS FOR COVID-19 Low-radiation-dose CT images by using lower kilovoltage settings Helical mode volumetric HRCT with 100-120 kVp and 80-200 Ma For CT examinations at risk for motion artifact, lowering the rotation time of the tube detector system with high pitch and wide collimation values may be considered . 1 mm slice thickness, 1 mm detector collimation, 0.6-0.9 s tube rotation. CT images should be acquired during a single inspiratory breath hold. Expiratory phase CT increases radiation dose . Multi-planner reconstruction (MPR) for image analysis. Post-processing maximum intensity projection (MIP) and minimum intensity projection (Min-IP) reconstructions used. AI learning–based reconstructions for noise reduction, and spectral shaping of the x-ray beam to reduce the low-energy component of the x-ray spectrum.

10. CO-RAD COVID-19 Reporting and Data System In early March 2020, the Dutch Radiological Society initiated a COVID-19 network to facilitate development and nationwide dissemination of COVID-19–related information and tools. A COVID-19 standardized reporting working group was formed.

11. CO-RADS Category 0 If scans are incomplete or of insufficient quality, for example because of severe artifacts due to coughing or breathing.

12. CO-RADS Category 1 CO-RADS category 1 implies a very low level of suspicion for pulmonary involvement by COVID-19 based on normal CT results. It refers to normal findings. Mild or severe emphysema, perifissural nodules, lung tumors, and fibrosis are classified as CO-RADS category 1 findings.

13. CO-RADS 1. Normal chest CT.

14. CO-RADS Category 2 CO-RADS category 2 implies a low level of suspicion for pulmonary involvement by COVID-19 based on CT findings. Involves lung infectious origin that are considered not compatible with COVID-19 . Examples are bronchitis, infectious bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia , lobar pneumonia, and pulmonary abscess. lobar or segmental consolidation, and lung cavitation.

15. CO-RADS 2. Non COVID-19 infection

16. CO-RADS 2

17. CO-RADS 2. Bacterial pneumonia with endobronchial spread (tree-in-bud)

18. CO-RADS Category 3 CO-RADS category 3 implies equivocal findings for pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 based on CT features. Findings include perihilar ground-glass opacity, homogenous extensive ground-glass opacity or ground-glass opacity together with smooth interlobular septal thickening with or without pleural effusion in the absence of other typical CT findings.

19. CO-RADS 3

20. CO-RADS 3

21. CO-RADS Category 4 CO-RADS category 4 implies a high level of suspicion for pulmonary involvement by COVID-19 based on CT findings. S how some overlap with other (viral) pneumonias

22. CO-RAD 4

23. CO-RADS Category 5 CO-RADS category 5 implies a very high level of suspicion for pulmonary involvement by COVID-19 based on typical CT findings. F eatures are ground-glass opacities with or without consolidations in lung regions close to visceral pleural surfaces, including the fissures, and a multifocal bilateral distribution.

24. CO-RAD 5

25. CO-RAD 5

26. CO-RADS Category 6 I ntroduced to indicate proven COVID-19, as signified by positive RT-PCR test results for virus-specific nucleic acid.

27. CO-RAD 6

28. FINDINGS IN CHEST CT

29. S tages of COVID-19 at chest CT (A) E arly stage (0–5 days after symptom onset), which is characterized by either normal findings or mainly ground-glass opacities. (B) P rogressive stage (5–8 days after symptom onset), which is characterized by increased ground-glass opacities and crazy-paving appearance . (C) P eak stage ( 9–13 days after symptom onset), which is characterized by progressive consolidation . (D) L ate stage ( ≥14 days after symptom onset), which is characterized by a gradual decrease of consolidation and ground-glass opacities, while signs of fibrosis .

30. PROGRESS OF INFECTION

31. CONCLUSION Performing CT in patients with suspected or proven COVID-19 requires comprehensive precautionary safety measures. Low-radiation-dose chest CT is recommended unless CT pulmonary angiography is required to evaluate for Pulmonary embolism. C hest CT shows (ground-glass opacities, vascular enlargement, bilateral abnormalities, lower lobe involvement, and posterior predilection), this may help in diagnostic decision making. C hest CT should not be used as an independent diagnostic tool to exclude or confirm COVID-19. RT-PCR test results are the standard for diagnosis and key component in clinical decision making. Best to know the severity and lung area affected by the virus.

32. REFERENCE https:// pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiol.20202040130 https://www.rsna.org/-/ media/Files/RSNA/Covid-19/RSNA-COVID19ChestCT-ReportExample

33. THANKYOU