CO VACCINES.pptx

Covid 19- Vaccines

1. COVID -19 VACCINE Anu Mariam Varghese 2 nd MD scholar Dept of Agadatantra GAVC,TVM

2. CURRENT GLOBAL SCENARIO COVID-19 2021

3. According to the WHO, ten months into the COVID-19 pandemic around 10% of the total global population of 7.8 billion has been infected by the virus. Today (21 st Jan 2021) estimates based on the official data around 0.5% of global population having infection.

4. COVISHEILD Developed by Oxford university & British Swedish company AstraZeneca and manufactured by Serum Institute of India. Research name : AZD1222(ChAdOx1) Vaccine name : Non replicating viral vector Type of vaccine : Recombinant COVID -19 vaccine based on Viral Vector Technology. Method : IM ,0.5 ml each dose 70.42% efficiency has been proved till now. Storage 2-8^0 C at all levels

5. No of doses in each vial -10 S helf life : 6 months P hysical appearance of Vaccine : Clear to slighty opaque , colourless to slightly brown C ourse : 2-doses S hedule : 4-weeks apart S hake test : Not applicable I ngredients : L-Histidine, L- Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Polysorbate 80, Ethanol sucrose, EDTA, Water for injection

6. ChAdOx1 virus used in vaccine , which is a weakened version of Adenovirus cause common cold in Chimpanzee Corona virus spike S glycoprotein inserted to ChAdOx1 virus Human body recognizes spike protein , develops immunity

7. COVAXIN India ‘s first indigenous vaccine against COVID-19 Developed by Bharat Biotecin collaboration with ICMR( Indian Council of Medical Research) and national Institute of Virology. Type of vaccine : Whole- Viron inactivated Corona Virus. No of doses in each vial : 20 Shelf life : 6 months Route: IM, 0.5 ml each dose Course : 2- doses

8. Schedule : 4-weeks apart Physical appearance of vaccine : Whitish translucent Storage : 2-8^oC Shake test – Not applicable SARS- CoV -2 strain was isolated by NIV, Pune and transferred to Bharat Biotech Genetic material of virus is destroyed so that it cant replicate . Inactivated virus triggers immune response when injected into human body Body fight against similar viruses in future. Oldest methods of immunization.

9. PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS Authorized Age group- only for 18 years and above Co-administration of vaccines- Separated by an interval of at least 14 days. Interchangeability of COVID-19 Vaccines is not permitted. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS History of any bleeding or coagulation disorder CONTRAINDICATIONS Persons with h/o Anaphylactic or severe allergic reactions Pregnancy and Lactation.

10. TEMPORARY CONTRAINDICATIONS Persons having active symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who have given anti –SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies or convalescent plasma (plasma therapy) Acutely unwell and hospitalized ( with or without ICU) patients due to any illness I n these conditions deferred for 4-8 weeks after recovery

11. SIDE EFFECTS Very common(may affect more than 1 in 10 people) Tenderness, pain ,warmth, redness, itching, localised swelling or bruising Generally feeling unwell Feeling tired(fatigue) Chills or feeling feverish Headache Nausea( most common for Covisheild ) Joint pain Common(up to 1 in10 people) A lump at the injection site. Fever and flu-like symptoms such as sore throat, runny nose, cough and chills. Being sick(vomiting)

12. Uncommon(may affect up to 1 in 100 people) Feeling dizzy Decreased appetite Abdominal pain. Enlarged lymph nodes Excessive sweating, itchy skin or rash Very rare Demyelinating diseases

13. WHY IT IS RECOMMENDED A GAP 28 DAYS FOR SECOND BOOSTER DOSE? Vaccination shedules are generally determined by clinical trials ,usually prior to licensure of the vaccine.The spacing of doses in the clinical trial usually becomes the recommended schedule.Clinical trial was conducted in phase 3 with a 28 days gap, so that it became standard. Even if the difference is of four weeks, it gives good protection, but around 70-80 %.If the gap is increased further up to six or eight weeks or ten weeks , the results are much higher. IS IT POSSIBLE TO CATCH THE VIRUS EVEN AFTER THE VACCINE? Yes, you can catch Covid even after the vaccine-that happens for all diseases. The difference is that you can get the infection, but not the disease. It will be mild and asymptomatic.

14. WILL I GET AN INFECTION THROUGH VACCINATION? The ChAdOx1 viral vector in the COVID Vaccine has been genetically altered so that it cannot replicate. Therefore, it is unable to cause an adenovirus infection in people who have had the vaccine. It also cannot cause COVID-19,as it does not carry enough of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic material for our cells to assemble the entire SARS-CoV-2 virus. It only carries the code to make the spike protein. The vaccine does not cause any permanent changes in our cells, and the genetic code for the spike protein does not become part of our own DNA.

15. WHAT IS COLD CHAIN SYSTEM ? The cold chain is a system of storage and transport of vaccines at low temperature from the manufacturer to the actual vaccination site. Here vaccines store within safe temperature range of 2-8^0 Cold chain equipments. Walk in cold rooms Deep freezers Small freezers and ILR Vaccine carriers Ice packs

16. WHY TWO VACCINES ? First shot helps your body recognize virus and gets your immune system ready and second shot strengthens immune response WHAT IF I ALREADY HAD COVID-19 ? It is safe to get the COVID -19 vaccine even if you have had COVID-19.And also it has been seen that people can get Covid twice.

17. HOW LONG IT CAN PROVIDE PROTECTION ? According to the recent studies antibodies after vaccination will last for three months , upper limit is not yet known . HOW WAS THE VACCINE DEVELOPED SO QUICKLY ? Global effort with the world’s leading scientists focused on a sinle task. Nearly unlimited resources( money,knowledge,manpower,technology ) A large pool of diverse adult volunteer trial participants . Also the effort of developing vaccine has been started since 2002(after SARS CoV 1)

18. WHY SHOULD WE TRUST THE COVID-19 VACCINE ? The FDA is using the same strict standards that it has four decades No steps are skipped Two independent advisory committees are reviewing the results . WHY SHOULD I GET VACCINATED ? Protect myself and my family Help stop spread in the community Set the example for others

19. WHERE SHOULD I LOOK TO GET ACCURATE INFORMATION ? Reliable sources – CDC, AMDA, Medical directors, Providers CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/covid-conversations/answering-questions.html CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/about-vaccines.html CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/covid-conversations/

20. OTHER COVID-19 VACCINES Pfizer vaccine developed by American Mutltinational Pharmaceutical corporation – used RNA and Mrna technology (never used before) Sinovac developed in China -50.4% effective in Brazilian clinical trials , Phase 3 approved for limited use-inactivated or Attenuated Coronavirus Vaccines. Z FSW developed by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences- Protein –Based Vaccines Phase 2 M oderna COVID -19 Vaccine , codenamed Mrna-1273 developed by United States Ntional institute of Allergy and infectious diseases. Genetic Vaccines Phase 3. C anSinoBIO , Ad5-nCoV or Convidecia phase 3 , Approved for limited use, Viral Vector Vaccines

21. THANK YOU