COA Chap 1.pptxCOA Chap 1.pptxCOA Chap 1.pptxCOA Chap 1.pptx

COA Chap 1.pptxCOA Chap 1.pptxCOA Chap 1.pptx

1. Welcome

2. http://www.mahergelle.com By Eng.Adulahi M. Adan Computer Organization and Architecture

3. Chapter One: - Introduction to COA

4. What is “Computer Organization ” 2.1 What is Computer Organization? Definition: Computer Organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications. It deals with how hardware components interact to implement the computer's functions. Examples: Control signals Memory types and hierarchy Bus systems Instruction execution cycle COA

5. Basic Computer Organization Computer Organization : is concerned with the way the hardware computer operate and the way they are connected together to form the computer system. The various components are assumed to be in place and the task is to investigate the organizational structure to verify that the computer parts operation as intended. COA

6. Basic Computer Organization Computer Design : is concerned with the hardware design of the computer. Once the computer specification is formulated, it is the task of the designer to develop hardware for the system. It is concerned with the determination of what hardware should be used and how the parts should be connected. It is the aspect of computer hardware and sometimes referred to as computer implementation. COA

7. What is “Computer Architecture ” 2.2 What is Computer Architecture? Definition: Computer Architecture refers to the attributes of a system visible to a programmer, or those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program. It describes what the system does. Examples: Instruction set Data types Addressing modes I/O mechanisms COA

8. Basic Computer Organization Computer Architecture : is concerned with the structure and behavior of the computer as seen by the user. It includes the information formats, the instruction set and techniques for addressing memory. COA

9. Feature Computer Architectur Computer Organizatin Focus Logical functioning Physical implementation Concerned with Instruction set, addressing modes Hardware and control signals Visible to Programmer Yes No Level High-level design Low-level design 2.3 Difference Between Architecture and Organization

10. Digital Computers COA

11. Basic Computer Organization The hardware of the computer is usually divided into three major parts. The Central processing Unit (CPU): contains an arithmetic and logic unit for manipulating data, a number of registers for storing data, and control circuits for fetching and executing instructions. COA

12. Basic Computer Organization The memory of a computer; contains storage for instructions and data, it is called a Random Access Memory (RAM) ,the CPU can access any location in memory at random and retrieve the binary information within a fixed interval of time. COA

13. Computer Organization The input and output processor: contains electronic circuit for communication and controlling the transfer of information between the computer and the outside world. The input and output device: connected to the computer include keyboards, printers, terminals, magnetic disk drives and other communication devices. COA

14. Functional blocks of a computer A computer consists of five functionally independent main parts: 1. input 2. memory 3. arithmetic and logic 4. output 5. control unit COA

15. Functional blocks of a computer a COA

16. System bus The system bus has three buses, Address bus Data bus Control bus COA

17. Address bus The uppermost bus is the address bus. When the CPU reads data or instructions from or writes data to memory , it must specify the address of the memory location it wishes to access COA

18. Data bus Data is transferred via the data bus. When CPU fetches data from memory it first outputs the memory address on to its address bus. Then memory outputs the data onto the data bus. Memory then reads and stores the data at the proper locations COA

19. Control bus Control bus carries the control signal. Control signal is the collection of individual control signals. These signals indicate whether data is to be read into or written out of the CPU. COA

20. What is “Computer Architecture ” Building architecture : Structural design (Civil Eng) : : Computer architecture : Circuit design (Electronics/CS Eng) COA

21. Computer Architecture vs. Computer Organization Computer Architecture refers to the design of the computer system (its structure and components ) and how it interacts with software. Computer Organization refers to the implementation of the architecture in hardware (e.g., the specific circuits and memory hierarchy ). COA

22. Levels of Abstraction in a Computer System Digital Logic Level: Logic gates, circuits Microarchitecture Level: Registers, ALU, control unit Instruction Set Architecture (ISA): Assembly language view Operating System Level: Memory management, scheduling Application Level: User-facing programs COA

23. Importance of COA in Computer Science Optimizing performance Writing low-level software (OS, embedded systems) Understanding how programs interact with hardware Crucial for hardware design and evaluation Enhances debugging and system troubleshooting skills COA

24. Lesson End

25. Thank you @ Eng.Abdulahi Mohamed