Code Switching and Code Mixing

Code switching, Code mixing and types

1. Code Switching And Code mixing

2. Terms you should know:

3. 1. Code L anguage peculiar to a specific group. Codes1 are particular "grammars" of specific tongues: rules for constructing and deriving words and sentences, inventories of sounds to convey meaning, rules for uttering those sounds, rules for translating those sounds into graphic symbols (writing) etc.

4. 2. Monolingual  Is the condition of being able to speak only a single language.

5. being bilingual means being able to communicate effortlessly in two languages, even if one was learned later in life and communication takes an occasional detour bilinguals are ‘people who need and use two (or more) languages in their everyday lives (Grosjean 1992:51) 3. Bilingual

6. 4. Multilingual A person that speaks more that three languages.

7. 5. LEXICAL : Relating to the word or vocabulary of language 6. UNPREDICTABLE:   likely to change suddenly and without reason and therefore notable to be predicted (= expected before it happens) or depended on. 7. PHONOLOGY : the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages. The phonological system of a language includes an inventory of sounds and their features, and rules which specify how sounds interact with each other

8. Factors that modify code choice Participants solidarity and status Social Distance Status Relationship Formality Function

9. Code Switching ( cs )

10.  Is the practice of *unpredictably changing one’s language, dialect or speaking style to better fit one’s environment which Also a universal language-contact phenomenon that reflects the grammars of both languages working simultaneously. code switching is possible in *bilingual or *multilingual environment but not in monolingual. What is code switching?

11. CONTINUE……. code-switching  occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation Multilinguals, speakers of more than one language, sometimes use elements of multiple languages when conversing with each other. Also Style, Register and Voice, whether in spoken or written language, can then be included in a broad definition of code-switching.

12. Language/dialect code-switching Style code-switching

13. Reason for code switching No similar words in English Did not know the English word To fill the gap in speaking Easier to speak in own language To avoid misunderstanding To convey intimacy So others would not understand (Privacy) To add emphasis Other reasons

14. INTRA -SENTENTIAL SWITCHING Is possibly the most complex type among the three, as it can occurs within the boundaries of a clause or a sentence . In Spanish-English switching one could say, " La onda  is to fight  y jambar . We can see in this example the speaker uses ‘is to fight’ (phrase) instead of using the Spanish equivalent of it which is ‘par pelear ’. ENG-GER Move der bleistift (the pencil) to the pencil case on the desk.

15. ENG-SPA Move the pencil to the blue pencil case on the table. Ya lo hiciste ? (did you do it?) INTE R-SENTENTIAL SWITCHING It happens between a sentence boundaries where one clause or sentence is in one language and the next clause or sentence is in the other. inter-sentential CS takes place within the same sentence or between speaker turns, it entails fluency in both languages such that a speaker is able to follow the rules of the two languages In Assyrian-English switching one could say: Ani wideili what happened?" ("Those, I did them what happened?") 1 st clause 2 nd Clause 1 st Sentence 2 nd Sentence

16. TAG-SWITCHING  Is the switching of either a tag phrase or a word, or both, from one language to another, (common in  intra-sentential switches ).  In Spanish-English switching one could say, " Él es de México y así los criaron a ellos ,  you know." (" He's from Mexico, and they raise them like that,  you know.") The example below is speaking Spanish but at the end of his/her sentence decides to use a tag phrase which is ‘you know’. SPA-ENG I saw the game last night and it was chingon! (awesome) Chingon is popular Spanish tag phrase.

17. Code mixing

18. What is code Mixing Code mixing is possible in bilingual or multilingual environments   Is also a language contact phenomenon that doesn't reflect the grammars of both languages working simultaneously. Words are borrowed from one language and adapt it in other language and it is usually without a change of topic. It often occurs within one sentence, one element is spoken in language A and the rest in language B. This term is usually found in mainly in informal interaction

19. Reasons for code mixing Interjection Quoting somebody else Expressing group identity Because of real lexical need Talking about a particular topic Repetition used for clarification Being emphatic about something To soften or strengthen request or command Intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor To exclude other people when a comment is intended for only a limited audience

20. INTRA-SENTENTIAL CODE MIXING This kind of code mixing occurs within a phrase, a clause or a sentence boundary.

21. INTRA LEXICAL CODE MIXING This kind of code mixing occurs within a word boundary involving a change in pronunciation. Example of this is when Spanish/Latino people say an English word, but modify it to Spanish phonological structure. Listen to the voice clip , it gives an example of how a Latino would pronounce words when talking English when pronouncing certain letters as they would say it in Spanish. Voice Clip

22. For watching!