Cognitive and cognitive behavioural therapy

psychotherapies

1. Cognitive and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Presented by- : Deekshana Chaithra Gayathri Ramya Mercy Blesy

2. INTRODUCTION The word ‘cognition’ is derived from the Latin word cognoscere, meaning “to know” or “to come to know”. Thus, cognition includes the activities and processes concerned with the acquisition, storage, retrieval and processing of knowledge.

3. APPROACHES There are four major approaches that try to explain the various cognitive processes by highlighting the different important features . Experimental Cognitive Psychology Computational Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Neuropsychology Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive and C ognitive Behaviour Therapy both are used to study Cognitive P sychology and Behaviourism. There are two main important themes- Cognitive process influences our emotions motivation and behaviour. The use of cognitive and behaviour change techniques in a hypothesis testing manner.

4. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY Late 20 th Century.. originated in the work of psychiatrist Aaron Beck. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps people learn how to identify and change destructive or disturbing thought patterns that have a negative influence on behavior and emotions. CBT is a " problem-focused " and " action-oriented " form of therapy.  Thoughts are identified, challenged , and replaced with more objective , realistic thoughts.

5. TOOLS IN CBT- Regular one-to-one or group discussion sessions, or a combination of both. Frequent feedback Role-playing activities Ways to calm the mind and body Gradually increasing exposure to things that cause fear. Homework assignments Keeping a cognitive behavioral diary Practicing the skills learned to promote positive behavioral change and growth.

6. RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a type of therapy introduced by Albert Ellis in the 1950s.  It’s an approach that helps you identify irrational beliefs and negative thought patterns that may lead to emotional or behavioral issues.  Unrealistic assumptions and self-demands inevitably spell problems. A therapist will help  develop strategies to replace negative thought patterns with more rational thought patterns.

7. METHODS OF REBT Rational confrontation Behaviorally oriented techniques. Stand on personal worth and human values.

8. COGNITIVE THERAPY Cognitive therapy  focuses on present thinking, behavior, and communication rather than on past experiences and is oriented toward problem solving. Based on the concept that the way we think about things affects how we feel emotionally.  The therapist assists the patient in identifying specific distortions(using cognitive assessment) and biases in thinking and provides guidance to how to change this thinking.

9. Goals of Cognitive Therapy Include : Promotion of self awareness. Understanding perceptions Emphasis on current situation. Development of self control Prevention of future episodes by helping clients change core beliefs .

10. Cognitive therapy is a treatment option for a number of mental disorders, including-: Agoraphobia Alzheimer's disease Anxiety or Panic Disorder  Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Eating disorders OCD, PTSD Schizophrenia, social phobia, substance abuse. Anger management , insomnia.

11. BECK’S COGNITIVE THERAPY A form of psychotherapy developed by psychiatrist Aaron Beck that focuses on altering faulty thinking patterns. The belief that what we think influences how we feel, behave and react to our environment. The goal of CT is to identify and alter our distorted or negative beliefs in order to improve our behaviours and lives.

12. BECK’S NEGATIVE TRIAD

13. APPROACHES In CT clients learn about the connection between their emotional responses, Automatic thoughts ,Schemes , Cognitive distortions. Therapy sessions and homework assignments- applying learning principles to alter the client's biased and dysfunctional cognitions. The client is encouraged to discover the faulty assumptions or dysfunctional schemas in order to resist relapse.

14. EVALUATION OF THE THERAPIES REBT - still very much alive-helping basically healthy people to cope better with everyday stress-inferior to exposure-based therapies in the treatment of anxiety disorders-of Beck’s cognitive treatment methods has been well documented-treatment of panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.

15. Recent data of CBT 1. CBT -treatment of depression 2. Females benefit more than male. 3. Experienced clinicians-better treatment effects. 4. Decreasing overtime

16. CBT can help you manage problems, such as anxiety and depression and make them less likely to have a negative impact on your life. There is always a risk that bad feelings you associate with your problem will return, but with your CBT skills it should be easier for you to control them.