Cognitive therapy

A short term psychotherapy.

1. Cognitive Therapy - Awaneet Madan P.B.Bsc II nd Year ECON

2. Introduction A type of psychotherapy and short-term structured therapy Developed by American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck Uses active collaboration between the patient and the therapist to achieve the therapeutic goals. Concentrates on unconscious processes and past events.

3. Definition A type of psychotherapy in which negative patterns of thought about the self and the world are challenged in order to alter unwanted behaviour patterns or treat mood disorders such as depression. Attempts to change problematic feelings and behaviours by changing the way a client thinks about significant life.

4. Fundamental Assumptions It is based on how a person thinks/perceives an event rather than the event itself. It is time limited. Therapeutic changes can be effected through an alteration of idiosyncratic, dysfunctional mode of thinking leading to cognitive change. Based on patient’s thoughts and behaviour. Aims at altering the cognitions for effecting a change in behaviour.

5. Basis Change may begin by targeting: Thoughts (to change emotion and behavior). Behavior (to change feelings and thoughts). Cognitive therapy takes a skill-building approach, where the therapist helps the person to learn and practice these skills independently, eventually "becoming his or her own therapist"

6. Classification Techniques to interrupt cognitions Techniques used to counterbalance emotional effects of cognitions Techniques intended to alter cognitions Problem solving techniques

7. 1. Techniques to interrupt cognitions Distraction- In distraction, patient forcefully attends to something other than the intrusive thoughts . Direct attention to another mental act. Thought stopping

8. 2. Techniques used to counterbalance emotional effects of cognitions A suitably chosen statement, produced by a conscious effort to balance the intrusive thought.

9. 3. Techniques intended to alter cognitions By Beck and consists of three stages: To: Identify maladaptive cognitions Identify logical ‘errors’ allowing maladaptive cognitions Persist and to challenge the underlying assumtions which generate maladaptive cognitions in the first place.

10. 4. Problem Solving Techniques Define the problem Divide it into manageable parts Think of alternate solutions. Select the best solution Carry it out, and Examine the result

11. Additional Techniques Smart goals (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-limited) Journaling (to jot down negative beliefs that come up during the week and the positive ones you can replace them with) Self talk (In order to replace negative or critical self-talk with compassionate, constructive self-talk). Others (Thought recording , Positive activities , Situation exposure )

12. INDICATIONS Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Major Depression Anxiety Disorder Eating Disorder Schizophrenia Phobias Panic Disorders Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Suicidal Behavior

13. Other Indications Cognitive therapies have also been used in the treatment- Dissociative (and conversion) disorders Paranoid disorders Solving real life problems Including marital problems Substance abuse Stress disorders

14. Limitations Cognitive therapy is contraindicated- Patients with poor reality testing (e.g. With psychotic features), Impaired reasoning and retention abilities, and Borderline or other severe personality disorders.

15. COGNITIVE THERAPY V/S BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY

16. SIMILARITIES

17. Summary Cognitive therapy (CT) is a treatment approach that helps to recognize negative or unhelpful thought and behavior patterns . CT aims to help the patient to identify and explore the way emotions and thoughts can affect one’s actions. Its overall goal is to increase self efficacy or proficiency and sense of control over life.

18. Bibliography Sreevani R., A Guide to Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Edition 4 th Jaypee Brother, Medical Publication (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Page no. 110 – 12. Neerja K. P., Essential of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Volume 1, Jaypee Brother, Medical Publication (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Page no. 102 – 5.

19. Thank you!!