Coldwater fisheries in India

Coldwater fisheries in India (Aquaculture)

1. ST. ALOYSIUS COLLEGE JABALPUR (M.P.) (AUTONOMOUS) 2021-2022 C old water fisheries in India SUBMITTED TO Department of Zoology SUBMITTED BY Vaishali Choudhary M.Sc III Sem

2. SYNOPSIS Introduction Cold water fish species Mahseer (Indian species) Trout (Exotic species) Scope & Significance Conclusion References

3. INTRODUCTION Cold water fishes occupy an important place among the freshwater fishes. The cold water fisheries is the branch of fisheries where the fisheries activity is conducted in the waters that remain in the temperature range between 5-25°C throughout the year. The water temperature under cold water fisheries should not be more than 25°C even in summer. The gills of cold water fish are greatly reduced and the gill opening are smaller in size for adaptation to cold temperatures. The himalayan region of India is suite for cold water fisheries. Kashmir, himachal pradesh, uttaranchal, kerela etc. states are in practice with cold water fisheries.

4. In India 258 species (Indigenous + exotic) of coldwater fishes belonging to 21 family and 76 genera are available. Government of India established National Research Centre on Cold Water Fisheries (NRCCWF) 24 September in 1987 (Bhimtal, Uttrakhand) Cold water fishes are characterized by:- Streamlined body Mouth modified for sucking or burrowing Narrow gill openings

5. SPECIES OF COLD WATER FISHERIES Indian species:- Mahseer – Tor putotora and Tor tor Snow trout – Schizothorax spp. (Schizothorax richarsonii) Labeo – L. dera, L. dyocheilus, L. rohita Barilius – B. bola, B. bendelisis Garra – G. lamta Exotic species:- Trout ( Salmo) – S. trutta, S. gairdneri, S. irideus Mirror carp ( Cyprinus) – C. carpio communis, C. carpio specularis, C. carpio nudus Golden carp ( Carassius) – Carassius carassius

6. MAHSEER There are 4 species of mahaseer. It has a big head hence it is known as Mahaseer. They are about 1.5m in length and breed from July to September. It requires DO(ppm) 7.8-8.4 and temperature of water should be between 18.5-27.6. spawning- does not spawn in stagnant water therefore induced breeding is applied in ponds.

7. Common Name - Golden Mahseer Scientific Name - Tor putitora Common Name - Tor Mahseer Scientific Name - Tor tor Golden Mahseer Tor Mahseer Mahseer

8. Common Name – Deccan Mahseer Scientific Name - Tor khudree Common Name - Chocolate Mahseer Scientific Name - Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis Deccan Mahseer Chocolate Mahseer Mahseer

9. TROUT Trout are species of freshwater fish belonging to the genera Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus Trout are usually found in cool (10–16 °C), clear streams and lakes . Trout generally feed on other fish, and soft bodied aquatic invertebrates, such as flies, mayflies, caddisflies, stoneflies mollusks and dragonflies. trouts are now acclimatized in the streams, lakes and reservoirs in Indian waters, particularly in Nilgiri, Kodai Kanal, Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.

10. Common Name Snow Trout Scientific Name - Schizothorax richardsonii Common Name - Rainbow Trout Scientific Name - Oncorhynchus mykiss Trout Rainbow trout Snow trout

11. Common Name - Brown Trout Scientific Name - Salmo trutta Common Name - Brook Trout Scientific Name - Salvelinus fontinalis Trout Brook trout Brown trout

12. Scope & significance Source of income and employment. Major contribution in the econamy of the state. The fishes are now available for food and farming. The importance of coldwater fisheries lies in their unique biodiversity, valuable germplasm and maintenance of environmental quality in hills. Population depends on fisheries sector for food and livehood. Hill areas offer good scope for the development of fisheries both for commercial and sport purposes. The coldwater fishery resources in India comprise high and mid-altitude lakes, rivers, streams, their tributaries and reservoirs dammed across such rivers.

13. CONCLUSION Coldwater fishes have a huge potential of contributing towards the fisheries sector. For this reason coldwater fisheries has also been termed as "The Sleeping Giant". Coldwater fishes breed naturally but since some species have been listed as endangered, therefore artificial breeding is now being practiced to restore the diversity. Coldwater fishes forms both the ornamental and consumable product and hence its protection, enhancement and maintenance is a must.

14. References https://youtu.be/xHu4Ha0o0CY https://www.slideshare.net/MalikAamir9/cold-water-fishes-of-kashmir https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/fish/applied-fisheries/cold-water-fisheries-in-india-with-diagram/88555 https://www.slideshare.net/KartikMondal1/breeding-cold-water-fishery

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