Collectivisation In Russia

1. Collectivisation in Russia

2. Objectives
•How to implement collectivisation
•Forced collectivisation
•Impact of collectivisation
Riots and resistance
Getting rid of people who opposed
collectivisation
Famine
•Achievement of Stalin’s aims

3. What is Collectivisation?
•Definition: Grouping of farms into a unit
(collective farm).
•Collective farm (kolkhoz): A farm whereby
farmers in a particular area would combine
their land together to form a single large
unit.

4. Stalin’s Objectives for
Collectivisation
•To increase agricultural output from large
scale mechanized farms, to bring the
peasantry under more direct political
control.
•Make food production efficient.
•Tax collection more efficient.
•Lesser farmers needed for agricultural, the
rest can work in the cities.

5. However Collectivisation was
met with…
•Resistance from the kulaks (rich land
owning farmers).
-Refusal to hand in crops
-Kulaks would rather be killed and destroy
farm produce than give them to
Communist officials

6. Stalin’s reaction to
collectivisation
•Serious measures were taken.
•The NKVD was especially harsh to the
kulaks – thousands were either killed or
sent to labour camps.

7. Impact of Collectivisation
•Riots and resistance
•Getting rid of people who opposed
collectivisation
•Famine

8. Riots and resistance
•Farmers rioted and engaged in armed
resistance.
•Stalin ordered 17 million horses used in
farming to be killed and
•Replaced by tractors.
•However, there were not enough tractors.

9. Getting rid of people who
opposed collectivisation
•Villagers who did not co-operate were sent
to the gulags (labour camps) north of the
Soviet Union and made to work on Stalin’s
ambitious construction projects.

10. Famine
•Farmers burnt their crops and grew less
food, causing severe food shortages.
•Made worse by natural disasters such as
droughts and floods.
•Worst of famines in Soviet Republic of
Ukraine in 1931.
•More than 10 million peasants and their
families died in the famine.

11. Achievement of Stalin’s aims
•Stalin had a cheap and regular supply of
crops.
•Estimated 25 million farmers were forced
to join huge collective farms.
•Five-Year Plans allowed rapid expansion
of heavy industries which are protected by
the Ural Mountains.