Colonial Architecture in India.pdf

Colonial Architecture

2. COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE MEANS
PROMINENT COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE STYLE OF DELHI
SIR EDWIN LUTYENS
SIR HERBERT BAKER
VARIOUS MASTER PIECES IN DELHI
DIFFERENT ARCHITECTURE STYLES
ARCHITECTURE IN BOMBAY

3. ‘ColonialArchitecture’consistsoftwowords–onebeing
“Colonial”whichrefersto“colonialIndia”andother
being“architecture”whichmeanstheway“somethingis
designed”
Firstly,Itisimportantforustounderstandthecontextor
meaningofcolonialIndia.ColonialIndiaisthepartofthe
Indiansubcontinent.
WhichwasunderthecontrolofEuropeancolonialpowers,
throughtradeandconquest.ThefirstEuropeanpowerto
arriveinIndiawasthearmyofAlexanderthegreatin
327-326BC.
Later,intheearly19
th
BritishEmpirebuiltmany
masterpiecesofarchitectureincludingtheViceroylounge
inDelhi.

5. ThearchitecturalstyleoftheBritishperiodisveryPromientin
DelhiandisReprecutedbythecentralsecretariat.Parliament
houseorthe‘SANSADBHAWAN’andthepresidenthouseor
RashtrapatiBhawanformerlytheBritishviceroyhousethe
SperdidRajpathIndiagateandNewDelhicombiningthebet
featuresofthemodernEnglishschoolofarchitecturewith
traditionalIndianforms.
TheBritishfollowedvariousarchitecturalstyles–Gothic
Imperial,ChristianEnglishrenaissanceandVictorianbeingthe
Ereutials
In1911kingGeorgevpassedanorderdeclaringthattheCapital
wouldbemovedfromCalcuttatoDelhi.Thecitywasplanned
systematicallycombining20
th
centuryarchitecture.
SirEdwinLutyenswasresponsiblefortheoverallplanofDelhi.

6. SirEdwinLandseerwasaBritisharchitectwhoisknownfor
imaginativelyadaptingtraditionalarchitecturalstylestothe
requirementofhisera.Delhiwhichwouldlateronserveas
theseatofthegovernmentofIndia.Inrecognitionofhis
contribution,NewDelhiisalsoknownas“Lutyens”Delhi.In
collaborationwithHerbertBaker.Hewasalsothemain
architectofseveralmonumentsinNewDelhisuchasthe
Indiagatehealsodesignedtheviceroy’shouse.

7. Sir Herbert baker was a British architect baker was the
dominant force in SouthAfrican Architecture for two
decades 1892 –1912 among the many churches schools
and houses he designed in south Africa are the St John’s
College Johannesburg, Wynbergboys school. Cape town
In 1912 baker went to India to work with Lutyensand
went on to design the secretariat buildings New Delhi
and parliament house in new Delhi and the bungalows of
members of Parliament. Baker designed the two
secretariat building ranking the great axis

8. PARLIAMENT HOUSE
INDIA GATE
RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN
CENTRAL SECRETARIAT
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

9. Thecentralhalloftheparliamenthasbeendesignedtobe
circularinshapedthedomeis98ft(29.87Meters)in
diameterandisBelievedthatisoneofthemostMagnificent
domesintheworld.
ThecentralhallisaplaceofhistoricalimportanceinIndia
fortworeason.Thetransferofcolonialpowertothe
provisionalgovernmentunderNehruin1957andtheframing
oftheconstitutionbytheconstituentassemblytookplacein
thisveryhall.
Originally,thecentralhallwasusedasthelibraryofthe
erstwhilecentrallegislativeassemblyandthecouncilof
statesuntil1946,whenitwasconvertedandrefurnished
intotheconstituentassemblyhall.

11. The gate is build as a special memorandum for all the soldiers who
belongs to Indian army and to all those who who have gives their
lives lighting for the protection of their country. It is considered
that approximately 90,000 and more soldiers names have been
Encrypted over the walls of India Gates which is a special thing in
itself.
The Explicit India Gate architecture explains you that there is a
huge Path which is also known by the name of Raj path at the end
of which is constructed a 42 meters high India gate that was
previously known by the name of all India was memorial. The
designing of India gate was done by famous architect sir Edwin
lutyen. Standing behind the gate is an empty canopy made out of
sandstone, also designed by lutyen and inspired by a sixth –century
pavilion from Mahabalipuram.

13. TheRashtrapatiBhawanisalargeandvast
mansionwithfloorsandhave340rooms.Itis
builtonafloorareaof200,00squarefeet
(19.000m2). Vijaychowkinfrontof
RashtrapatiBhawanandendsatIndiagateson
thewesternendoftheroad.Theancillary
dome–likestructureontopofthebuildingis
knownasachattrianIntergalpartofIndian
architecturaldesign.

15. TheSecretariatbuildingwasdesignedbytheprominentBritish
architectHerbertbakerinIndo–Saraceuicrevivalarchitecture.
Boththeidenticalbuildinghavefourlevels,eachwithabout1,000
roomsintheinnercourtyardstomakespaceforfutureexpansions.
Incontinuationwiththeviceroyhouse,thesebuildingalsoused
creamandredDholpursandstonefromRajasthanwiththered
Sanstoneformingthebase.Togetheirthebuildingthedesignedto
fromtwosquares.Theyhavebroadcorridorsbetweendifferent
wingsandwidestairwaytothefourfloorsandeachbuildingis
toppedbyagiantdome,whileeachwingsandwithcolonnaded
balcony.
MuchofthebuildingisinColonicalarchitecturalstyle,yetit
incorporationfromMughalandRajasthaniarchitecturestyle.
Anotherfeatureofthebuildingisadome–likestructureknownas
theChatriadesignuniquetoIndia.

17. Themainblockofthesupremecourtbuildingwas
builtonasquarePiotof22acresandthebuilding
wasdesignedbychiefofarchitectGaneshBhikaji
DeolalikarwhowasthefirstIndiantoheadCPWD
anddesignedthesupremecourtbuildinginanIndo
–Britisharchitecturestyle.Hewassucceededby
ShridherKrishnajoglekar.Thebuildingisshaped
toprojecttheimageofscalesofjusticewiththe
centralwingofthebuildingcorrespond.Thechief
justice’scourtisthelargestofthecourtroom
locatedinthecentreofthecentralwing.Ithasin
thecentreofthecentralwing.

19. ThecityofBombayoriginallyconsistedofsevenisland
namelyColaba,Mazagoan,oldwomenislandWadala,
mahim,parelandmatungasion.Thisgroupofisland,which
havesincebeenJoinedtogeatherbyaseriesof
reclamation.ThecompanywhichwasoperatingfromSurat
wasinsearchforanotherdeeperwaterportsothanlarger
vesselcoulddockandfoundtheislandofBombaysuitable
fordevelopment.TheBritishcorruptedthePortuguese
name“BomBaia”to“Bombay”.Thekalisusedtocallthe
island“Mumbai”afterMumbadevi,TheHindudeity.
CharlesIIofEnglandreceivedpossessionoftheislandin
1661asapartofthedowryofCatherineofBrahanza,
daughterofKingJohnIVofPortugalandleasedthemto
theEnglisheastIndiacompanyin1668.

20. Gothic Architectural
Indo –SaracenicStyle
Art Deco

21. Bombayarchitecturecametobepresentthroughthe
Britishinthe18
th
andearly19
th
centuries.Atfirstit
wastheneo–classicalstyleofArchitecturebutthena
newstylecametoexistonethatreflectmodern
Europeanfashion.Theclassicalhasanorderly
monochromaticpresencethegothicstyleisexpressive,
disjointedwithsurfaceoflivecolor.
Bombaycityhallwasbuiltduringperiod1820–35the
universityMumbailibrary,Rajabaitower,Xavier
college,ChhatrapatiShivajiterminusarefineexample
ofgothicarchitectureinthecity.

23. TheIndo–Saracenicstyledevelopedinthe
secondhalfofthe19
th
centurycombining
IslamicandHinduarchitecturalstylewith
itsCharacterizeddomes,arches,stained,
glasses,spiresandminarets.Thegateway
ofIndiaandChhatrapatiShivajiMaharaj
VastuSangrahalayaarethefineexampleof
indoSaracenicarchitecturalstyleinthe
city.

25. ArtdecoisoneofMumbaileastnoticed
architecturalstyle,throughMumbaianditsSabarbs
possiblyhavethelargestnumberofartdeco
buildingintheworld.ArtdecoinIndiaevolvedinto
auniquestylethatcametobecalleddeco–
Saracenic.ItwasacombinationofIslamicand
Hinduarchitectural.
TheMahalakshmitemple,theTahangirartgallery,
thehighcourt,thegeneralpostoffice,theflora
fountain,regalcinemaandEroscinema.

29. ThegatewayofIndiaisamonumentbuilt
duringtheBritishrajinMumbai.Itislocated
onthewaterfrontintheApolloBanderareain
southMumbaiandoverlooktheArabiansea.
Thestructureisabasaltarch,26meter(85
feet)high.ItliesattheendofChhatrapati
ShivajiMargatthewateredgeinMumbai
Harbour.ThegatewayofIndiaalsobeen
RefferedtoastheTajMahalofMumbaiandis
thecitytoptouristattraction.

31. ThegatewayofIndiawasbuiltto
commemoratethevisitofkingGeorgeVand
DueenmarrytoMumbai,priortheDelhi
Darbar,inDecember1911.theyonlygottosee
acardboardmodelofthestructuresincethe
constructiondidnotbegantill1915.the
foundationstonewaslaidon31march1911by
theGovernerofBombaysirGeorgeSydenham
ClarrewiththefinaldesignofGeorgeWittet
sanctionedon31march1913.

32. TheTajMahalpalacehotelisafivestarhotel
locatedintheColabaregionofMumbai
MaharashtraIndianexttothegatewayofIndia
PartsofTajHotel,resortandpalacethishotelis
consideredtheflagshippropertyofthegroupand
contain560roomsand44Saitstherearesome
1500staffincluding35butlers.Fromahistorical
andarchitecturalpointofview,thetwobuilding
thatmakesupthehoteltheTajMahalpalaceand
toweraretwodistinctbuilding.

34. ItisaplacewheretheviceroyandGovernerusetto
landupontheirarrivalofIndia.Throughbuiltfor
BritishIndiaandtheBritishempiretodayserveasa
“monumentalmemento”ofColonialisationand
subjugationbytheBritishoverthepeopleofIndia.
BuiltrightnexttoTajMahalpalace&towerhotel.The
gatewayofIndiaisasymbolof“powerandmajesty”
ofBritishempire
Therearefivejettiesatthegatewaythefirstjettyis
exclusivetotheatomicresearchcentre.Thesecond
andthirdareusedforcommercialferryfourthis
closedandfifthtotheroyalBombayYatchclub.

35. ThehoteloriginallyBuildedbycommissionedof
Tataandfirstopeneditsdoortogueston16
th
December1903
ItiswidelybelievedthatTamsedjiTATAdecidedto
buildthehotelafterhewasrefusedentrytoone
oftheCitys’sgrandhotelofthetime,Watson
hotel,asitwasrestrictedto“whitesonly.The
originalIndianarchitectwereSitaramkhanderao
vaidyaandDNMirza.CompletedbyanEnglish
engineerW.Achamber.ThebuilderwaskhanSaheb
SorabjiRuttonJi.

36. TheMuncipalcorporationBuildingwaslocated
insouthMumbaiinMaharashtra,Mumbai,isa
gradeaheritagebuildingoppositetothe
ChhatrapatiShivajiTerminusatthejunctionof
PadabhaiNaorojiroadandMahapalikamarg.Itis
alsoknownastheBombayMuncipalcorporation
buildingorBMC.
MumbaicorporationofgreaterMumbaiandwhich
hasitsownmotto–YatoDharmastatoJaya.Itis
saidtobethelargestcivicOrganisation

38. TheBMCwascreatedin1865andArthur
crawfordwasitfirstMuncipal
commissioner.TheMuncipalitywasIntially
housedinamodestbuildingattheterminus
ofGirgamroad.In1870itwasshiftedtoa
buildingonEsplande.Locatedbetween
WatsonhotelandtheSassonmechanism
institutewherethepresentarmy&navy
buildingissituated

39. ChhatrapatiShivajiTerminus(CST)formly
VictoriaTerminus(VT)isaUNESCOWorld
HeritageSiteandanhistoricrailway
stationinMumbai,Indiawhichservesasthe
headquarterofthecentralrailways.
DesignedbyFredericrWilliamStevens
withinfluencefromVictorianItalianate
gothicrevival.Thestationwasbuiltis1887
intheBoriBunderareaofBombayto
commemorate thegoldenJubileeof
QueenVictoria.

41. Poem in Gujarati Language byNiranajanBhagat
translatedtoEnglish Extrol the beauty of flora
fountain.
“ A glass and concrete
Jungle
In its midst always
Quiet comely
With hope filled face
She stand Flora
A dream of spring in her
Matchless eyes
Holding in both hands
Stone flower
About her, in all corner
Iron butterflies fly round
And round
And lifeless insect play ”

42. Boribunderwas one of the areas along the
eastern shores lines of Mumbai , India which
was used as a storehouse for goods imported
and exported from Mumbai in areas name. Bori
means “sack” and Bandar means port or haven.
Boribandarliterally means a place where sack
are stored.
The station was eventually rebuilt as the
Victoria terminus named after the then
reigning queen.

43. FlorafountainattheMahatmaChowkisan
ornamentallyandexquisitelysculpted
architecturalheritagemonumentlocatedat
thesouthernendofthehistoricDadaBhai
Narojiroadcalledthemilelongroadatthe
fortbusinessdistrictintheheartofsouth
Mumbai.Florafountainbuiltin1864,isa
fusionofwater,architectureandsculptureit
totalcastofRs47,000or9000poundsterling.