Colourants from flowers

colour, natural colour, colour from flower

1. Colourants From Flowers Presented by Gomtesh Doshi B.pharm(T.Y) Under Guidance Mr.Pranav parekh M. Pharm (Biotechnology) ALARD COLLEGE PHARMACY

2. Contents Introduction Classification Disadvantages Of Synthetic Colourants Advantages Of Natural Dyes Colour Yielding Plants Simple Methods Of Dye Extraction How To Screen Natural Dye Yielding Plants By Simple Methods

3. Introduction Natural dyes are derived from naturally occurring sources such as plants (e.g., indigo and saffron); insects (e.g .,cochineal beetles and lac scale insects); animals (e.g., some species of mollusks or shellfish); and minerals (e.g., ferrous sulfate, ochre, and clay) without any chemical treatment. Every herb can be used to make dye.The most common herbal parts used for extracting dyes are seeds, flowers, leaves, berries, stem, bark, roots. Natural dyes are now-a-days in demand not only in textile industry but in cosmetics, food, leather and pharmaceutical industry. Natural dyes are biodegradable eco friendly.

4. Classification

5. Indigoid dyes Anthraquinone dyes Alpha-hydroxy-napthoquinones Flavones Dihydropyrans Anthocyananidins Carotenoids Classification of Dyes Based on Chemical Structures

6. Disadvantages of synthetic colourants Artificial dyes can be found in more foods than you might expect. It is easy to see brightly colored candies and drinks and know instantly that they contain artificial dyes, but careful reading of ingredient labels reveals artificial dyes in many potentially surprising food items such as cheese, butter, yogurt, condiments, crackers, pastry, pie crust, red grapefruit, prepared entrees, vitamins and even salmon, to name a few. Some firmly believe that consumption of artificial dyes, particularly in children, causes symptoms such as attention deficit, allergies, asthma, behavioral changes, hyperactivity, gastric upset, migraines, skin manifestations, and sleep disturbances including night terrors, but others say there is no proof of such effects. Artificial dyes are derived mostly from petroleum and do not provide any taste or nutritional value to foods. Their benefit to manufacturers lies in making foods appear more ripe, fun or appetizing.

7. Advantages of Natural dyes In the twenty first century maintaining a safe environmental balance becomes even more important. The co‐operation of individuals, communities and countries to make this happen become a global necessity and the following properties are often considered to be advantages of natural dyes. They are obtained from renewable resources. No health hazards, sometimes they act as health cure. Practically no or mild reactions are involved in there preparation. No disposal problems They are unsophisticated and harmonized with nature.

8. COLOUR YIELDING PLANTS Tagetes erecta - L. Synonyms : African Marigold. Family: Asteraceae or Compositae

9. Hibiscus rosa Synonym: Chinese hibiscus, China rose, Shoe-Black, Shoe-back- plant Family – Malvaceae

10. Natural Dye yielding plant Senecio hybridus flower

11. Portulaca oleracea flower

12. Nerium oleander flowers

13. Simple Methods of Dye Extraction Aqueous Method Alkaline Method Acidic Method Alcoholic Method

14. How to screen natural dye yielding plants by simple methods Test‐I : Squeeze the plant part preferably flowers and leaves between the fingers if color is discharged, it may be a good source of natural dye Test‐II : If the color is retained on the fingers even after washing the hand with water, it may be a good source of natural dye with probably good wash fastness. Test –III : Crush the plant part in pestle‐mortar and smear the crushed plant paste on filter paper, if the color retains on paper, it may be a good source of natural dye

15. Test‐IV : Place this filter paper under table lamp for 3‐4 hours, see if the color remains the same or fades off, if the color does not fade, it may be a good source of natural dye with good light fastness properties Test‐V : Take hot water and put crushed plant part, if it releases color into the water, it may be a source of natural dye.

16. Conclusion Now-a-days, fortunately, there is increasing awareness among people towards natural products. Due to their non-toxic properties, low pollution and less side effects, natural dyes are used in day-to-day food products. Although the Indian subcontinent possesses large plant resources, only little has been exploited so far. More detailed studies and scientific investigations are needed to assess the real potential and availability of natural dye-yielding resources and for propagation of species in great demand on commercial scale. Biotechnological and other modern techniques are required to improve the quality and quantity of dye production. Due to lack of availability of precies technical knowledge on the extraction and dyeing technique, it has not commercially succeeded like synthetic dyes. Also, lo colour value and longer time make the cost of dyeing with natural dyes considerably higher than with synthetic dyes

17. References: Gaur, R. D. (2008): Traditional Dye Yielding Plants of Uttarakhand, India, Nat. Prod. Rad., 7 (2):154- 165.   Dayal, R. and Dobhal, P. C. (2001): Natural Dye from some Indian Plants, Colourage, 48: 33-38.   Agarwal SK, Rastogi, PR, Triterpenoids of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Indian Journal of Pharmacy, 1971, 33(2), 41-2.   Gupta V, Bansal P, Garg A and Meena AK (2009) Pharmacopoeial Standardization of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ; 1(3): 124-126. Bhakuni OS, Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhavan BN and Mehrotra BN( 1969) Screening of Indian plants for biological activity, Part II, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology ; 7: 250-262.

18. Archana Sachdewa, Khemani LD (2003) Effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. Ethanol flower extract on blood glucose and lipid profile in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 61-66.   Kirtikar KR, Mayor and Basu BD (1987). Indian medicinal plants. Vol.1:335-336,International book distributor.   Prakash AO (1979) Glycogen contents in the rat uterus response to Hibiscus rosa sinensis extracts, Experientia ; 35 :1122-1123.   Deutsche Institute Norms, 1970. DIN 5033. Farbmessung Begrifte derFarbmetrik . Deutschland   Umbreen, S., Ali, S., Hussain, T. & Nawaz, R. 2008, ‘Dyeing properties of natural dyes extracted from Turmeric and their comparison with reactive dyeing’, Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1-11.

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